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| Regulation of Pore Structure and Water Absorption in Cellulose-based Aerogels via a Combined Directional and Random Freezing Strategy |
| Received:July 30, 2025 Revised:August 20, 2025 |
| DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2026.01.001 |
| Key Words:aerogels random freezing directional freezing pore structure water absorption properties |
| Fund Project:国家重点研发计划（2022YFD1600704）；学生创新培训计划（202510057037）。 |
| Author Name | Affiliation | Postcode | | DUAN Yuanyuan* | College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 | 300457 | | LI Yuhan | College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 | 300457 | | PENG Xuyang | College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 | 300457 | | JIANG Junzhi | College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 | 300457 | | YAN Ruixiang* | College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457 | 300457 |
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| Abstract:This study utilized carboxylated nanocellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and whey protein isolate as matrix materials. By regulating freezing temperature and orientation, a bilayer directional/random frozen aerogel (DF/RF-20) was developed, combining -20 ℃ random freezing and -196 ℃ directional freezing. It was compared with aerogels prepared under -20 ℃ slow random freezing (RF-20), -196 ℃ fast random freezing (RF-196), and -196 ℃ directional freezing (DF), to investigate the effects of freezing methods on the microstructure, density, porosity, mechanical properties, and water absorption performance of the aerogels. The results showed that RF-20 exhibited large pore sizes with a dispersed pore distribution and a water absorption capacity of 42.21 g/g, but poor compressive strength (44.37 kPa). DF showed ordered and dense through-pores formed from bottom to top, with better compressive performance (73.39 kPa) but weaker water absorption ability (35.80 g/g). In comparison, DF/RF-20 combined high compressive strength (73.90 kPa), excellent wet-state compressive strength (25.75 kPa at 500% water content), and good water absorption capacity (43.30 g/g). Its surface water absorption rate was approximately 15 times higher than that of RF-20. After drying at 25 ℃ for 12 h, it demonstrated good water retention performance (water retention rate of 86.76%) and maintained stable liquid absorption capability under different pH and ionic environments. |
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