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Preparation of Cellulose Nanofiber-based Antifreeze Double Network Gel and Its Strain Sensing Properties
Received:March 20, 2025  Revised:April 11, 2025
DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2025.10.013
Key Words:cellulose nanofibers  double network gel  antifreeze performance  human movement monitoring
Fund Project:国家自然科学基金（22068017，22468028）；云南省教育厅可降解塑料工程研究中心（KKPU202205001）；云南省基础研究项目（202301BE070001-034，202401AU070141）。
Author NameAffiliationPostcode
HE Xin* Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500 650500
HU Jianquan Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500 650500
LIU Yuxin* Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500
The Degradable Plastics Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Provincial Education Department, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650000 		650000
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Abstract:In this study， a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared by ethylene glycol (EG) and zinc chloride (ZnCl₂), and it was used as solvent replacing water. Acrylamide (AM) was used as a monomer， and polyacrylamide (PAM) was polymerized under UV irradiation. Then， the cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were introduced to enhance mechanical properties， resulting in a DES-PVA/PAM/CNF antifreeze double network gel. The results showed that the prepared DES-PVA/PAM/CNF antifreeze double network gels exhibited the best antifreeze performance with freezing point as low as -73.03 ℃ when the molar ratio of ZnCl2 to EG was 1∶5. Further investigation of the effects of CNF content on the gel properties revealed that the best overall performances were achieved when the CNF content was 0.4% (based on the mass of EG). At normal temperature， the fracture strength of the gel was up to 0.94 MPa， and the strain at break was 844.5%， at low temperature， the fracture strength was still maintained at 0.92 MPa， exhibiting excellent adaptability at low temperatures. In addition， after assembling the gel as a strain sensor， the monitoring of human skin-attached motion was successfully realized.
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