用于造纸废水处理的多孔活性炭材料中微生物解吸对DNA提取的影响

刘建峰; 刘光成

刘建峰,刘光成.用于造纸废水处理的多孔活性炭材料中微生物解吸对DNA提取的影响[J].中国造纸,2026,45(7):209-215

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用于造纸废水处理的多孔活性炭材料中微生物解吸对DNA提取的影响

Effect of Microbial Desorption from Porous Activated Carbon Materials for Papermaking Wastewater Treatment on DNA Extraction

收稿日期：2026-04-20 修订日期：2026-05-13

DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2026.07.024

关键词: 造纸废水多孔活性炭复合材料混料设计微生物解吸 DNA提取

Key Words:papermaking wastewater porous activated carbon composite mixture design microbial desorption DNA extraction

基金项目:农业微生物学国家重点实验室开放课题（AMLKF201807）；食用野生植物保育与利用湖北省重点实验室开放基金（EWPL201709）。

作者	单位	邮编
刘建峰^*	1湖北轻工职业技术学院轻化工程学院,湖北武汉,430070	430070
刘光成^*	2湖北轻工职业技术学院中德啤酒学院,湖北武汉,430070	430070

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摘要:造纸废水处理工艺中，多孔活性炭复合材料作为载体吸附功能微生物后，商用DNA提取试剂盒存在难以实现微生物的高效解吸、无法精准解析功能菌群的技术瓶颈。本研究构建了理化协同的解吸策略，采用Design-Expert 13.0软件中的最优混料设计，以因素A（焦磷酸钠与鼠李糖脂溶液体积比）、因素B（直径0.1及1.0 mm的氧化锆珠质量比）为双因素进行优化设计。结果表明，本研究构建的二次方预测模型显著性较高（P<0.000 1），且因素A与因素B间存在极显著的交互作用（P<0.000 1）。综合确定最佳解吸条件为：焦磷酸钠与鼠李糖脂溶液体积比1.00，直径0.1及1.0 mm的氧化锆珠质量比1.00。与5款主流商用DNA提取试剂盒对比，本优化方案可显著提升多孔活性炭复合材料上微生物DNA的提取效果，提取的DNA浓度高（365.33±8.33 ng/μL）、纯度高（A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀=1.84±0.03，A₂₆₀/A₂₃₀=2.14±0.06），大片段完整度高，能够实现微生物的高效解吸。

Abstract:In papermaking wastewater treatment processes， when porous activated carbon composite materials were used as carriers to adsorb functional microbial， commercial DNA extraction kits faced technical challenges in inefficiently desorbing the microbial, making it difficult to accurately analyze the functional microbial communities. This study adopted a physicochemical desorption strategy, using the optimum mixture design feature in Design-Expert 13.0 software, a two-factor optimization design was conducted to determine desorption efforts of factor A (volume ratio of sodium pyrophosphate to rhamnolipid solutions) and factor B (mass ratio of zirconia beads with particle size of 0.1 and 1.0 mm). The results indicated that the established quadratic prediction model exhibited high significance (P<0.000 1), and there was a highly significant interaction between factor A and factor B (P<0.000 1). The optimum desorption conditions were determined that volume ratio of sodium pyrophosphate to rhamnolipid solutions of 1.00, and a mass ratio of zirconia beads with size of 0.1 and 1.0 mm of 1.00. Compared with five mainstream commercial DNA extraction kits, the DNA extracted using this optimized protocol exhibited higher concentration (365.33±8.33 ng/μL), higher purity (A₂₆₀/A₂₈₀=1.84±0.03， A₂₆₀/A₂₃₀=2.14±0.06), and higher integrity of large fragments, enabling efficient desorption of microorganisms.

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