唐娜,沈栋,张雪姣,张奥捷,刘书阳,龙金.纤维尺度对电容器隔膜孔隙结构及吸液性能的影响研究[J].中国造纸,2026,45(7):73-82 本文二维码信息
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纤维尺度对电容器隔膜孔隙结构及吸液性能的影响研究
Effects of Fiber Scale on Pore Structure and Liquid Absorption Properties of Capacitor Separator
收稿日期：2026-01-08  修订日期：2026-02-17
DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2026.07.008
关键词:  原纤化对位芳纶浆粕  纤维尺度  电容器隔膜  孔隙结构  吸液性能
Key Words:fibrillated para-aramid pulp  fiber scale  capacitor separator  pore structure  liquid absorption properties
基金项目:
作者单位邮编
唐娜* 1华南理工大学造纸与污染控制国家工程研究中心,广东广州,510640 510640
沈栋 2轻工业杭州机电设计研究院有限公司,浙江杭州,021100 021100
张雪姣 1华南理工大学造纸与污染控制国家工程研究中心,广东广州,510640 510640
张奥捷 1华南理工大学造纸与污染控制国家工程研究中心,广东广州,510640 510640
刘书阳 1华南理工大学造纸与污染控制国家工程研究中心,广东广州,510640 510640
龙金* 1华南理工大学造纸与污染控制国家工程研究中心,广东广州,510640 510640
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摘要:为优化电容器隔膜结构并提升其与电解液的适配性，本研究以对位芳纶（PPTA）浆粕为原料，通过多级筛分实现纤维尺度的分级调控，经湿法成形制备了PPTA隔膜及掺杂聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纤维的PPTA/PET复合隔膜，探讨了PPTA纤维尺度对隔膜孔隙结构及吸液性能的影响，并分析了其润湿性、热尺寸稳定性、阻抗性能等电容器隔膜的应用性能。结果表明，多级筛分可有效筛除PPTA浆粕中的粗纤维，通过减小PPTA纤维尺度可优化隔膜孔隙结构与吸液性能。在PPTA浆粕与PET纤维质量比=9∶1条件下，不同PPTA纤维尺度PPTA/PET复合隔膜整体仍保持与纯PPTA隔膜相近的结构变化规律，吸液动力学行为符合修正Lucas-Washburn方程，且50~100、100~200和200~300目筛得PPTA浆粕制备的PPTA/PET隔膜在孔结构与吸液性能上差异较小。相较于HKMSX-5018商品隔膜，自制PPTA/PET复合隔膜（50~300目筛分）的平均孔径更小（0.74 μm），吸液性能更优（吸液率975%，吸液高度31.1 mm/10 min），表现出良好的热尺寸稳定性和阻抗性能。
Abstract:To optimize the structure of capacitor separators and improve their compatibility with electrolytes, this study used para-aramid (PPTA) pulp as raw material, and employed multistage sieving to achieve hierarchical regulation of fiber scale. PPTA separators and PPTA/PET composite separators doped with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers were prepared by wet forming. The influence of PPTA fiber scale on the pore structure and liquid absorption performance of the separators was investigated, and the application performance of the capacitor separators such as wettability, thermal dimensional stability, and impedance performance was analyzed. The results showed that multistage sieving could effectively remove the coarse fibers in PPTA pulp, and the pore structure and liquid absorption performance of the separators could be optimized by reducing the fiber scale. Under the condition that the mass ratio of PPTA pulp to PET fiber was 9∶1, the overall structural change law of PPTA/PET composite separators with different PPTA fiber scales still remained similar to that of pure PPTA separators. The liquid absorption kinetic behavior of separators with different PPTA fiber scales conformed to the modified Lucas-Washburn equation, and the separators prepared with PPTA pulp sieved of 50~100, 100~200, and 200~300 mesh had relatively small differences in pore structure and liquid absorption performance. Compared with the commercial separator HKMSX-5018, the self-made PPTA/PET composite separator (sieved of 50~300 mesh) had a smaller average pore size (0.74 μm), better liquid absorption performance (liquid absorption ratio of 975% and liquid absorption height of 31.1 mm/10 min), and showed good thermal dimensional stability and impedance performance.
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