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| 基于生态成本的废纸产业政策、市场结构和生产工艺优化 |
| Study on Waste Paper Industry Policy， Market Structure and Manufacturing Process Optimization Based on Ecological Cost |
| 收稿日期： |
| DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254-508X.2018.04.003 |
| 关键词: 生态成本 废纸回收利用体系 产业政策 市场结构 优化 |
| Key Words:ecological cost waste paper recycling system industrial policy market structure optimization |
| 基金项目:北京市社科基金;北京市教委社科重点项目（No.SZ201610005002）。 |
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| 摘要:针对废纸回收利用过程中经济与生态环境之间的矛盾，以物质流为载体，构建废纸回收利用体系的价值流。在此基础上，界定了废纸回收利用体系生态成本的内涵，并建立其生态成本核算模型。以废纸回收利用体系生态成本最小为目标函数，以经济效益、生产工艺条件、国家政策和行业标准为约束条件，进行优化设计。结果表明，优化后生态成本为1385.69 元/t，与优化前相比下降了456.8 元/t，降幅达24.79%；经济效益增加到1326.95 元/t，比优化前提高了13.51%。建议加强废纸回收打包企业集约化发展，提高大型打包厂比例；适当控制废纸价格，避免废纸价格过高；国家对废纸回收利用企业进行适度经济补偿，将有助于废纸回收利用体系的经济发展与生态环境的双赢。 |
| Abstract:Aiming at the contradiction between the economy and ecological environment in the recycling process of waste paper， using the material flow as a carrier to construct the value flow of waste paper recycling system. The connotation of ecological cost of waste paper recycling system was defined， and its ecological cost accounting model was established. Taking the minimum ecological cost of waste paper recycling system as the objective function， the optimal design was based on the constraint condition of economic benefits， manufacturing process conditions， national policy and industrial standards. The results showed that the ecological cost was reduced to 1385.69 yuan per ton after optimization， which was down by 456.8 yuan per ton compared with that before optimization， and the decrease was 24.79%. At the same time， the economic benefit increased to 1326.95 yuan per ton， 13.51% higher than that before the optimization. It was suggested that the enterprises of waste paper recycling ought to develope intensively in the future， increase the amount of larger-scale packing plant; properly control the price of waste paper， avoid the high price of waste paper. A moderate economic compensation to waste paper recycling enterprise from government， would be benefit to both economy and ecological environment. |
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