-->Clean Separation & High-value Utilization of Fiber Components

Research Progress on the Modification of Lignin-based Carbon Materials and Their Application in Supercapacitors

ZHANG Cheng,CHEN Yuanshuang,YUAN Chuyin,ZHONG Wei,WU Wenjuan,JIN Yongcan — 2024/10/8 0:00:00

Lignin is a renewable bioresource with abundant reserves， low price， and high carbon content because of the abundant functional groups， such as phenolic hydroxyl， alcoholic hydroxyl， carboxyl， and methoxyl groups， which can provide sufficient reaction sites for the chemical modification of lignin. The flexibility and diversity of lignin’s molecular structure design are suitable for the preparation of heteroatom-doped carbon materials. Heteroatom-doped lignin-based carbon materials with large specific surface area and rich pore structure with many surface active sites are prepared by introducing different heteroatoms （e.g.， nitrogen， sulfur， and phosphorus， etc.） into the lignin structure. This paper reviewed the preparation methods of heteroatom-doped lignin-based carbon materials （including activation， hydrothermal， pyrolysis， template， and post-processing methods， etc.）， the mechanism of heteroatom doping， and the influencing factors affecting the pore structure of the carbon materials in the process of preparation in recent years at home and abroad. Possible research directions in preparation， structure， and application were also given to realise the high-value application of lignin-based carbon materials in supercapacitors.

Research Progress on the Preparation and Application of Lignin-based Adsorption Materials

ZHAO Wei,JIAO Jixuan,ZHANG Haiyan,SHI Qiang,SUN Jiankui — 2024/10/8 0:00:00

Lignin is a renewable natural aromatic polymer， and its active groups on the molecular structure make it as an excellent green adsorbent for adsorbing heavy metal ions， organic matter， and other pollutants in waste water and off-gas. In this paper， firstly， the structural characteristics and application of lignin were summarized. Secondly， the extraction and separation methods of lignin were reviewed， and the research progress of modification of lignin and the preparation of adsorption materials were summarized. Finally， the main application fields of lignin-based adsorption materials were summarized， and the future direction of efforts was looked forward to on this basis.

Research Progress of Lignin-based Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

WEI Linshan,LYU Zilu,LIU Zhenhua,DONG Fengxia — 2024/10/8 0:00:00

Lignin， as a low-cost and high-reserve renewable resource， has great significance in society with short energy supply. In this paper， starting from applications of lignin-based electrode materials for supercapacitor， the current status of the research on lignin-based electrode materials for supercapacitors was brieflysummaried， with lignin-based porous carbon materials， lignin-based carbon nanomaterials， and lignin-based carbon aerogel materials as the carbon precursor， and the future development trend was prospected， which was aimed at providing certain references for high-value use of lignin as well as sustainable development.

Research Progress of Biomass-based Carbon Materials for Seawater Desalination

GUO Xiangkun,XU Yinchao,SHA Lizheng,GUO Daliang — 2024/10/8 0:00:00

With the global shortage of freshwater resources becoming more and more significant， the development of efficient seawater desalination technology has become an important way to solve the water shortage. At present， the research on the use of solar energy to achieve photothermal conversion to achieve the purpose of seawater desalination is becoming more and more in-depth. In the study of solar thermal conversion， biomass-based carbon materials， as a kind of heat-absorbing materials， have become the object of extensive research by virtue of a wide range of raw material sources， convenient access， low price， and a series of advantages. This study introducd a variety of seawater desalination technologies， and further summarised the current research status of biomass-based carbon materials in seawater desalination applications at home and abroad in recent years， as well as the current problems and related research progress of biomass-based carbon materials.

Research Progress on Degradation Methods and Effects of Biomass Plastic Materials

LIU Xiaogang,WU Shengen,WANG Qingfei,LI Jing,GUO Daliang,TONG Xin,ZHAO Huifang — 2024/10/8 0:00:00

Biomass plastic materials are prepared from plants or other biological materials as the main matrix， such as polylactic acid， starch， polyhydroxyalkanoate， polycaprolactone， etc.， which have the advantages of being environmentally friendly and degradable， and can be applied in the fields of medicine， microelectronics， and agriculture， and are the most promising materials to replace petroleum-based plastic materials. At present， as the performance of biomass plastic materials， such as mechanical strength or water resistance， still have a large gap with petroleum-based plastics， they are usually doped or modified with composite materials to improve their overall performance， but that will have a certain impact on composite materials’ degradation process and effectiveness. This paper summarized different raw material compositions of biomass plastic materials based on their soil-embedded degradation， marine condition degradation， enzyme degradation， and photocatalytic degradationtests to elaborate the degradation effect of the materials and to evaluate their degradation performance. The degradation pathways of biomass plastic materials were also summarized to provide experimental support for the environmental characteristics of biomass plastic materials.

Preparation and Humidity Sensing Properties of MXene/CNF Composite Aerogels

SHEN Xiangling,CHEN Guangjie,GUO Daliang,LI Jing,TONG Xin — 2024/8/26 18:51:34

In this study， the novel two-dimensional transition metal carbon and nitrogen material （MXene） was composited with cellulose nanofibers （CNF）， and four different kinds of CNF composite aerogel sensors were prepared after freeze-drying by the liquid nitrogen directional and non-directional pre-freezing methods. The impacts of various types of CNF and MXene， with different liquid nitrogen pre-freezing methods on the morphology and structure of the MXene/CNF composite aerogels were investigated. The results showed that the oriented monolayer MXene/TOCNF composite aerogel had the most excellent morphology. Additionally， the humidity sensitivity test was conducted at relative humidity levels ranging from 11%~97%. The results revealed a three times of increase in response value at relative humidity of 97% with MXene dosage of 10%， indicating superior sensitive of the sensor to high humidity. Furthermore， the sensors demonstrated overall stablility within 14 days.

Study on the Reinforcement Treatment of Fragile Paper with Bacterial Cellulose

ZHANG Ming,TIAN Zhouling,YI Xiaohui,XIE Jincheng — 2024/8/26 18:51:35

This study explored the reinforcement effects of bacterial cellulose on fragile paper. The organic system reinforcement solution using bacterial cellulose as reinforcement material and DMSO as solvent， which could effectively improve the mechanical properties of paper samples. When the bacterial cellulose dosage was 10%（relative to paper dry mass）， the tensile index was 54.7 N·m/g， increased by 50%， and the folding endurance was 1.57， increased by 76%， with little impact on properties such as thickness， density， color difference value， and whiteness. Paper opacity was 95%， and capillary rise was 2 mm. After 7 days of dry heat aging， the tensile index was 46.0 N·m/g， the folding endurance was 1.38， and its mechanical properties were higher than blank paper. The reinforced paper exhibited good durability， did not experience wrinkles or deformation， and the drying process was simple.

Research Progress of Hydrothermal/Pyrolytic Conversion of Lignocellulose into Porous Carbon Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

2024/8/26 18:51:38

Recently，the high-value conversion and utilization of lignocellulose have attracted wide attention. Converting it into porous carbon for supercapacitor through hydrothermal and pyrolysis processes is an important pathway for the high-value utilization of lignocellulose. The research progress on the preparation， formation mechanisms， physicochemical properties， etc.， of hydrochar and biochar was highlighted. The focus was on the influence of operating parameters on the physicochemical properties of hydrochar and biochar. The emphasis was on exploring the methods of functionalized preparation of porous carbon from hydrochar and biochar， including optimization methods of pore structure and surface characteristics.

Research Progress of Lignocellulose Pretreatment Methods

ZHAO Shuo,LI Ying,WANG Zhen,CHEN Li — 2024/8/26 18:51:40

Lignocellulose is mainly composed of cellulose， hemicellulose， lignin， and small amounts of pectin， resins， proteins， other extractable substances， and inorganic ashes. The efficient use of lignocellulose for the preparation of high value-added compounds plays an important role in alleviating the future energy shortage. However， the complex interweaving structure of cellulose， hemicellulose， and lignin prevented the efficient conversion of each component. Therefore， as an upstream process for the production of high value-added products， the pretreatment technology of lignocellulose needs to be paid attention to and applied， which is aimed to “loosen” or “break” the crystal structure of lignocellulose， to increase the accessibility of each component and the reaction site， and to improve the reaction efficiency. In this paper， the research progress of physical， chemical， biological， and combined treatment methods of lignocellulose pretreatment at home and abroad was described in details， the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods were summarized， and the future development prospect was prospeced， so as to provide new ideas for the pretreatment technology of lignocellulose.

Preparation of Curcumin Modified CNC Sensor and Hydrogel and Its Detection and Removal of Pb²⁺

LIU Yanhua,XU Baosong,YANG Jiachuan,SONG Zehua — 2024/8/26 18:51:40

In this study， based on curcumin （Cur）grafted carboxylated cellulose nanocrystal （CCNC） via EDC/NHS coupling method， CCNC-grafted curcumin （CCNC-Cur） sensor and CCNC-Cur compounded with sodium alginate （CCNC-Cur-SA） hydrogel adsorbents for the detection and removal of Pb²⁺ were prepared. The results showed that the CCNC-Cur sensor had selective adsorption capacity for Pb²⁺， with Pb²⁺ detection limit after digitizing the color depth of the sensor using Image J software of 6.25 mg/L. Under the optimized conditions of static adsorption experiment （adsorption time was 105 min， pH value was 5， adsorbent dosage was 0.08 g）， the adsorption capacity towards Pb²⁺ by CCNC-Cur-SA hydrogel reached 98.3 mg/g.

Rapid Pyrolysis of Biomass Components to Produce Biochar and Carbon Nanotubes

ZHANG Shuai,CHEN Zehong,LAI Haihong,ZHAO Xuan,ZHONG Linxin — 2024/4/22 15:38:52

Cellulose， xylan and alkali lignin were used as raw materials to produce an upper carbon layer with nickel foam catalyst from the pyrolyzed volatile components and residual solid carbon （i.e.， lower residual carbon） via rapid pyrolysis. The upper carbon layer obtained from cellulose and xylan contained a large number of carbon nanotubes （CNTs） and was partially doped with graphite flakes， whereas alkali lignin was difficult to form CNTs. The cellulose CNTs contained more graphitized carbon than xylan CNTs， and the degree of graphitization， specific surface area and yield of cellulose CNTs were higher. Cellulose residual carbon and xylan residual carbon had a dense lumpy structure with a low degree of graphitization. The yield of cellulose residual carbon was higher， thus the overall utilization of cellulose was higher than that of xylan. The results showed that cellulose and xylan had lower thermal stability， and the pyrolysis process could produce a large number of volatile components， and most of them were small molecule， which provided a more sufficient carbon source for the formation of CNTs， while alkali lignin had a high thermal stability and fewer gaseous products of pyrolysis， which was not conducive to the formation of CNTs.

Progress in the Performance Improvement and Applications of Lignin/PBAT Composites

WU Yuchun,YUAN Lulu,CHANG Guangqian,LIU Wei,HOU Qingxi,YUE Fengxia,WANG Hanmin — 2024/4/22 15:38:54

Lignin as a renewable natural resource， has a variety of high value-added functional properties， and the combination of lignin with biodegradable polymers is one of the important ways for its conversion and utilization. However， the heterogeneity of lignin restricted its development and utilization in composites， it was of significance to adopt tailored strategies and methods to produce high value-added lignin-based biodegradable composites. The different fabrication strategies of high-performance lignin/poly-（butylene adipate-co-tere phthalate）（PBAT） composites were mainly described in this paper， such as adding compatibilizers， solvent fractionation， micro-nano crystallization and chemical modification of lignin， etc. The potential applications of the composites in UV shielding， water vapor/oxidation barrier and antibacterial and so on were further summarized. The challenge and future development direction of lignin/PBAT composites were summarized and prospected.

Research Progress of Flame Retardant Cellulose Aerogel

LIN Mingzeng,XU Yinchao,ZHANG Xuejin,GUO Daliang,SHA Lizheng — 2024/4/22 15:38:55

Cellulose， as a natural material， has long been the subject of extensive research by scientists. Cellulose aerogel has shown great potential for applications in various fields， such as flame retardant and thermal insulation， due to the biodegradability， porosity， and other characteristics. In this paper， the characteristics and preparation methods of cellulose aerogels were introduced， and the flame retardant machanism， advantages and disadvantages， and research status of different flame retardant cellulose aerogels were reviewed in detail. Finally， the existing difficulties and development prospects of flame retardant cellulose aerogel were prospected， improving flame retardant effect and exploring green， economic， and sustainable production methods were main research directions for flame retardant cellulose aerogel in the future.

Research Progress on Nanocellulose/MXene Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Composites

LIU Xingtong,LIU Kun,ZHOU Keyu,HUANG Xiongwei,XU Ting,SI Chuanling — 2024/4/22 15:38:57

Electromagnetic Interference （EMI） shielding materials are particularly important in an increasingly electromagnetic-intensive environment. Nanocellulose has low density， excellent mechanical properties， high structural stability， and thermal stability. MXene has high metallic conductivity， high aspect ratio， large specific surface area， and excellent electrochemical properties. Combination of nanocellulose and MXene can be used to prepare high-performance EMI shielding composites. This paper discusseed the preparation methods of nanocellulose/MXene EMI shielding composites of different dimensions， including macro composite fibers， films and aerogels， and focused on the multifunctional applications of nanocellulose/MXene EMI shielding composites， including light-heat conversion， energy storage and flexible sensing. The development of nanocellulose/MXene multifunctional EMI shielding composites was also prospeced.

Research Progress on Biomass-based Organic Solar Cells Materials

2024/4/11 18:55:15

Organic solar cells （OSCs）， with advantages of low cost， large-scale solution processing， lightweight and flexibility， have attracted wide attention in recent years. At present， the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of OSCs has exceeded 19%. However， the great majority of OSCs materials are mainly manufactured from fossil resource derivatives， which constitutes serious threats on the sustainable development of OSCs. Researchers have carried out a lot of work on the development of biomass-based photoelectric materials， and successfully utilize these materials as OSCs substrates， photosensitive active layer， and carrier transport layers. This paper firstly introduced the device structures and working principle of OSCs. Then， the preparation and their applications in OSCs of biomass-based photoelectric materials such as lignin， cellulose， chlorophyll were reviewed. Finally， the development direction of biomass-based OSCs materials were prospected， aiming at providing references for the subsequent relevant researches and developments work.

Advances in Research of Chitosan-based Hydrogel Wound Dressings

CHI Chuanxi,LI Yaning,XU Guangyu,JIANG Guiquan,SONG Jianxi — 2024/4/11 18:55:17

Chitosan， as a natural cationic polysaccharide， can be able to build multifunctional hydrogels by intermolecular interactions due to the large number of amino and hydroxyl groups on its chains. Chitosan-based wound dressings are widely used in clinical practice because of their ability to protect wounds and promote their healing. The properties of chitosan and its derivatives were reviewed in this paper， including antibacterial， biocompatibility， wound adhesion， and antioxidant properties. The development trend of chitosan hydrogel wound dressing was analyzed， and its potential for future development was prospected.

Applications of Lignin and Characteristics of Spherical Particles

DONG Wenze,YUE Jinghua — 2024/4/11 18:55:17

Lignin， as a widely available biomass resource， has immense potential for applications in high-value chemicals， nanomaterials， and biomass-based materials. As one of the most abundant natural polymers on earth， lignin is traditionally considered as an industrial waste in the pulp and paper industry. However， lignin shows great potential in the development of eco-friendly， sustainable， and biodegradable products. This paper reviewed the chemical structure characterization and separation methods of lignin and its applications in various industrial fields， such as dispersants， adhesives， coatings， and composite materials， particularly the use of spherical lignin. The paper also provided a perspective on future research directions related to lignin.

Study on Plasticizing Modification Treatment of Cellulose Fibers by Alkali/Urea Pretreatment

LIN Shutao,LAI Siqi,YANG Rendang,WANG Yang — 2024/2/29 11:22:14

In this study， the alkali/urea system was firstly used for the wetting and swelling pretreatment of softwood pulp， hardwood pulp and bamboo pulp fibers at different temperatures， respectively. The plasticizing effects of three plasticizers， namely， glycerol， formamide and triethyl citrate， were investigated at different temperatures， concentrations and times by designing a four-factor， three-level orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the softwood pulp pretreated at 10 ℃ had the highest degree of wetting and swelling， which was conducive to further plasticizing and modifying treatment. The optimum plasticization condition was selected by using formamide as the plasticizer at 30% of plasticizer concentration and 25 ℃ for 5 h. The prepared plasticized fibers are expected to be used as alternative materials to plastics in specific areas.

Lignin-based Electrospun Magnetic Carbon Nanofibers and Their Application for Electromagnetic Shielding

ZHOU Bingxu,DUAN Chao,TIAN Guodong,ZHOU Linlin,XIE Zengying,WANG Qiang — 2024/2/29 11:22:16

In this study， the alkali lignin （AL） and polyacrylonitrile （PAN） were used as raw materials to prepare lignin-based magnetic carbon nanofibers （FeNi@LCNF） with great electromagnetic shielding effectiveness （EMI SE）， and its preparation process consisted of pre-doping of Fe and Ni precursors， electrospinning， and carbonization processes. The results showed that when the AL dosage was 50%， the electrospun fiber was optimal. When the FeNi loading capacity was 17.3%， the as-prepared FeNi@LCNF-2 exhibited high electrical conductivity and ferromagnetism. In addition， under the catalysis of Fe and Ni elements， numerous “thorn-like” carbon nanotubes in-situ grew on the surfaces of the carbon nanofibers， which further promoted the formation of porous conductive network and heterostructure of the carbon fiber material， thus endowed high conductivity （8.11 S/cm） of FeNi@LCNF-2 and 38 dB of EMI SE in the X-band.

Study on the Properties of Cellulose Transparent Films Reinforced with Regenerated Lignin Particles

FU Chenglong,LIN Yaling,LIU Yishan,HUANG Liulian — 2024/2/29 11:22:17

Crude lignin was extracted from sulfate pulping black liquor by chelation with calcium ions. Subsequently， the crude lignin underwent dissolution and regeneration by employing an ethanol-water anti-solvent method， resulting in the production of pure lignin particles. The resulting regenerated lignin particles demonstrated a fine and uniform granular morphology while remaining stably suspended in water. Lignin particles could form robust hydrogen bonds with cellulose， leading to the formation of dense and uniform composite transparent films. The tensile strength of the lignin-cellulose film （the dosage of lignin was 10%） reached 105.77 MPa， an increase of 27.6% compared with the pure cellulose film， the elongation increased by 67.6%. In terms of optics， the visible light transmittance of the lignin-cellulose film （the dosage of lignin was 5%） reached 87.9%.

Preparation and Performance of Deep Eutectic Solvent Modified Lignin Antibacterial Paper

LI Sixian,LI Penghui,YUAN Ruihong,LI Kongyan,KONG Yu,WU Wenjuan — 2024/2/29 11:22:20

Deep eutectic solvent （DES）-pretreated alkaline lignin was prepared using p-toluenesulfonic acid and choline chloride（TA/CC） and resulted in a phenol-rich lignin essential oil extract. It was subsequently incorporated into poplar pulp to produce antibacterial paper. The results demonstrated that the pretreatment of lignin with DES led to the generation of a significant number of phenolic hydroxyl groups， and the prepared antibacterial paper exhibited an inhibition rate of approximately 100% against Escherichia coli， suggesting significant potential applications in fields such as food packaging paper and medical paper.

Study on LiBr-assisted Ball Milling Pretreatment for Promoting the Efficiency of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corncob Residues to Glucose

ZHANG Wenlu,LI Haiming,YU Guang,LI Bin — 2024/1/20 0:00:00

In this study， corncob residues （CCR） were used as raw materials to investigate the effects of LiBr-assisted ball milling pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of CCR to glucose. Based on the monofactor analysis， it was concluded that the suitable conditions of LiBr-assisted ball milling pretreatment of CCR were as follows： ball milling time of 6.0 h， LiBr dosage of 50%， and solid content of CCR of 80%. Under the suitable pretreatment conditions， LiBr did not need water washing to separate， and efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of CCR was realized with lignin retention. At the cellulase dosage of 5 FPU/gCCR， the enzymatic glucose yield of pretreated CCR reached to 95%. The results of analysis and characterizations showed that LiBr-assisted ball milling could efficiently destroy the crystal structure of cellulose in CCR， reduce the crystallinity， make it have an amorphous structure， and increase the porosity of CCR， thus significantly promoting the enzymatic hydrolysis of CCR.

Research Progress of Cellulose Ether-based Sensor

SONG Lizhi,CHEN Weijing,HUANG Jizhen,XU Xiaoxu,HUA Li,LU Zhaoqing — 2024/1/20 0:00:00

With the rapid development of flexible wearable devices， traditional materials such as semiconductors and ceramics cannot be widely used in the field of flexible sensors alone. Natural cellulose， which is derived from various sources， is a good flexible material. However， there are several issues associated with natural cellulose， including its inability to be melted， difficulty in dissolving in conventional solvents， and poor physical and chemical properties. To address these problems， cellulose ether has been developed to enhance natural cellulose. It serves as a green substrate and had shown promising potential in the areas of sensing， energy storage， energy production capacity， and flexible devices. This paper focused on the preparation of cellulose ethers and the latest research progress in cellulose ether-based materials for stress-strain sensing， temperature/humidity detection， gas sensing， and ion detection. Additionally， it analysed the application prospects of cellulose ether-based sensors and identified the challenges for future development.

Research Progress on the Separation of Sugar Components and Furfural Preparation from Wood Fiber Prehydrolysate

LIU Xiaodi,JIA Wenchao,WANG Zhongshan,LI Changgeng,ZHANG He,SHI Haiqiang — 2024/1/20 0:00:00

The prehydrolysate is a waste liquid produced during the production of dissolved pulp via prehydrolyzed sulfate method， containing a large amount of hemicellulose and a small amount of lignin. The hemicellulose in the prehydrolysate can be prepared high value-added products such as furfural based on biomass refining technology， and the presence of lignin would seriously hinder the preparation of furfural. Thus the prerequisite for efficient preparation of furfural is the purification of the prehydrolysate， especially the removal of lignin. In this paper， the purification method of wood fiber prehydrolysate and the influencing factors of yield during furfural preparation were reviewed， the applications of adsorption method， membrane filtration method， and flocculation method in the purification of prehydrolysate were elaborated， and the effects of catalyst and reaction system on the yield during furfural preparation were discussed.

Preparation and Electrocatalytic Performances of Cobalt-nitrogen Doped Wood-derived Carbon

ZHOU Jiawei,CHEN Zehong,LI Tingzhen,PENG Xinwen — 2024/12/23 9:07:39

In this study， a cobalt-nitrogen doped wood-derived bifunctional catalyst （CoHNC） with Co-N active sites was prepared via a simple Lewis acid hydrothermal pretreatment and followed by a high-temperature pyrolysis. The physicochemical structures and electrochemical properties of CoHNC were investigated. The results showed that Lewis acids could partly hydrolyze the cellulose and hemicellulose in the wood， resulting in abundant nanopores， and a high specific surface area of 1 008.02 m²/g. Metal atoms coordinate with the oxygen-containing functional groups during hydrothermal pretreatment， which was then converted into Co-N active sites after pyrolysis. The hierarchical pore structure of CoHNC facilitated the efficient diffusion of electrolyte/oxygen and the exposure of high-density active sites. The Co—N structure could effectively regulate the microenvironment of the catalyst， and thus improve the catalytic performance. CoHNC presented excellent oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） and oxygen evolution reaction（OER） activities with a positive half-wave potential of 0.869 V vs. RHE in 0.1 mol/L KOH solution， a OER overpotential of 274 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm² and a ∆E of only 0.635 V， which outperform those of commercial Pt/C and RuO₂.

Chemical Modification of Organosolv Lignin into Polyol and Preparation of Polyurethane Rigid Foam

2024/12/23 9:07:40

In this study， chemical modification of organosolv lignin was carried out to synthesize lignin-based polyols and then prepared polyurethane foam. The structure of organosolv lignin was characterized. The prepared lignin-based polyols were tested for viscosity， acid value， hydroxyl value. The thermal conductivity， compressive strength， and apparent density of the synthesized bio-based foam were tested. The results showed that the hydroxyl value of lignin-based polyol was 920 mg KOH/g， and acid value was 4.76 mg KOH/g. Viscosity of lignin polyols decreased with temperature. Viscosity reduced from 15 832 mPa·s at 25 ℃ to 3 057 mPa·s at 80 ℃. The amount of isocyanate， foaming agent， and surfactant all affected compressive strength of polyurethane foam. Finally， the lignin-based polyurethane foam showed compressive strength of 370 kPa， density of 77 kg/m³， and thermal conductivity of 0.037 1 W/(m·K) under the optimal ratio. The foaming time was shortened from 320 s to 35 s by adjusting the acid value or catalyst dosage.

Study on Enzymatic Hydrolysis Improvement of Corn Stalk with Polyol-based Ternary DES Pretreatment

XU Huimin,ZUO Yilan,LI Haichao,XU Feng — 2024/12/23 9:07:41

Effects of novel polyol-based deep eutectic solvent （DES） pretreatment on corn stalk components， surface morphology， polymerization degree （DP） of cellulose， and enzymatic efficiency were investigated. The results showed that polyol-based DES pretreatment could efficiently remove hemicellulose and acid insoluble lignin （AIL） from corn stalk and retain cellulose， but there was no positive correlation between the carbon chain length of polyol and pretreatment performance. Choline chloride/1，4-butanediol/4-hydroxy benzenesulfonic acid was the optimum polyol-based DES system， removing nearly 100% hemicellulose and 98% AIL， but saving 84% cellulose and DP=894. The surface of pretreated corn stalk was rough， porous， and no deposited lignin and pseudo-lignin particles. The corresponding enzymatic efficiency was as high as 94.80%， which was 5.9 times higher than that of raw corn stalk. In summary， the polyol-based DES pretreatment could greatly enhance the enzymatic performance by reducing cellulose DP， removing hemicellulose and AIL， and simultaneously inhibiting lignin redeposition and improving the surface roughness of corn stalk.

Preparation of Cellulose/Chitosan Composite Aerogels Loaded with β-FeOOH/Fe₃O₄ and Degradation Performance of Methyl Orange

YANG Xiaoyu,YANG Xiangjian,LI Feiyun,CHEN Tianying,ZOU Xiaofeng,TANG Yanjun — 2024/12/23 9:07:42

The study mainly developed the preparation of cellulose/chitosan composite aerogels loaded with visible light catalyst β-FeOOH/Fe₃O₄， which was subsequently used as a phototropic Fenton-like system to improve the catalytic efficiency. The degradation effect of composite aerogels on methyl orange （MO） with different β-FeOOH/Fe₃O₄ mass ratios and different loadings was systematically investigated， and the phototropic Fenton-like degradation mechanism was elaborated. The results showed that in phototropic Fenton-like degradation， the degradation rate of MO increased with the increase of loadings. When the mass ratio of β-FeOOH/Fe₃O₄ was 2∶1， the degradation ability attained the optimum state， with a degradation rate of 89.1%. The results of free radical trapping experiments showed that the main active subtances for photo-induced degradation of methyl orange could be attributed to hydroxyl radicals.

Research Progress of Flame Retardant Properties of Biomass Foam Materials

ZHOU Ziang,ZHANG Xiaolin,CHEN Chao,LI Na,LI Kang — 2024/12/23 9:07:43

In recent years， biomass foam materials with good degradable properties and cushioning properties have been widely used in the packaging industry. However， most of the biomass materials are flammable. Thus， the improvement of the flame retardant function of biomass foam materials is attracting the attention of the industry. At present， the types of flame retardants used in flame retardant biomass foam materials mainly include bio-based flame retardants， reactive flame retardants， intumescent flame retardants， inorganic flame retardants， etc. In this paper， the latest flame retardant design and the improvement of flame retardant performance of various flame retardant biomass foam materials were reviewed， and suggestions for the future development of flame retardant biomass foam materials were put forward， which provided a reference for the research of flame retardant biomass foam materials.

Xylose Residue Synthesized Bio-polyols for Polyurethane Foam Preparation

YANG Chuanyuan,LIANG Jun,GAO Shuai,LI Zhulin,ZHAO Zijin,WANG Zhaojiang — 2024/11/22 15:48:11

This study used xylose residue as the raw material， with polyethylene glycol and glycerol as modifiers. Under specific conditions， the xylose residue was liquefied to prepare polyols， which were then used to produce polyurethane foam by adding water and cyclopentane as blowing agents， along with a catalyst， a polyurethane foam stabilizer， and polyisocyanates in a set ratio. By exploring the effect of the amounts of blowing agents， polyurethane stabilizers， and catalysts on the foaming process， a material formulation was developed， and the foam performance was optimized， addressing the key issue of slow polyurethane foam formation. The results showed that under the optimal ratio for water-based foaming， the compressive strength reached 257 kPa， while the optimal ratio using cyclopentane as the blowing agent achieved a compressive strength of 320 kPa. Additionally， adjusting the catalyst ratio and the pH value of the polyol significantly improved the foaming speed of the polyurethane foam. In water-based foaming， when the KOH content was 0.55%， the foam initiation time shortened from 120 s to 50 s， and the foaming time reduced from 170 s to 90 s. For the polyurethane foam with cyclopentane as the blowing agent， when the KOH content was 0.69%， the foam initiation time decreased from 104 s to 52 s， and the foaming time was reduced from 101 s to 80 s.

Preparation and Properties of Lignin-containing Antibacterial Fibers by In-situ Bonding Method

2024/11/22 15:48:13

In this study， cationic starch was used to adjust the surface negative charge of lignin and bleached kraft softwood pulp fiber to achieve their in-situ binding with high efficiency， and successfully prepared lignin submicron particles-containing antibacterial fiber. The antibacterial fiber was completely prepared from renewable and degradable raw materials by simple method， with the lignin retention rate more than 92%， and the lignin deposition rate on fiber could reach up to 27.9%. The antibacterial measurement showed that antibacterial fiber had broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. When the concentration of antibacterial fiber（calculateed by Lignin）in the bacteria solution was 2 mg/mL， the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli， Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was 71.2%， 86.0% and 89.2%， respectively.

Research on the Performance of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Reinforced by Dopamine-grafted Dialdehyde Cellulose Nanofibril

2024/11/22 15:48:16

In this study， dopamine （DA）-grafted dialdehyde cellulose nanofibril （DA-OCNF） and acrylamide （AM） were used to prepare composite hydrogel （DOCA）， the adhesion performance of DOCA under air and water conditions were analyzed. The results showed that the introduction of DA effectively enhanced the underwater adhesion strength of the hydrogel， the dialdehyde modified OCNF improved the mechanical properties of hydrogel that impacted by the DA. This strategy fully exploited the advantages of two-component， and the prepared composite hydrogels with balanced cohesion and adhesion had high mechanical and adhesion strength. When the content of DA-OCNF came up to 1.0%， the elongation at break and tensile strength of DOC_1.0A increased 27.2 precentage points and 54.82 kPa compared with DOC₀A， and its adhesion strengths to the steel in air and underwater conditions were came up to 42.70 and 30.65 kPa， respectively.

Research Progress on the Preparation of Lignin-based Hydrogel and Its Potential Application

LIU Hui,LIU Guolong,BI Chenglong,WU Chen,WANG Chao,LIU Yu,JIANG Weikun — 2024/11/22 15:48:17

In this paper， synthesis of lignin-based hydrogel and its application research progress in biomedical， environmental， electronic and other related fields were described in detail， and the properties， functions， and applications of the current hydrogel-based functional materials involved in lignin were systematically summarized. The future development prospects of lignin-based hydrogel were prospected， in order to provide a theoretical reference for the synthesis and application of lignin-based hydrogels.

Research Status of Fabrication and Properties of Cellulose-based Flexible Electrode Materials

HUO Feiyu,CHAO Lumen,YANG Yang,WANG Weina,LIU Tianyu,HUANG Jianbo,LIU Wen — 2024/11/22 15:48:21

As a widely available renewable resource， cellulose has shown great application prospects in the field of energy storage due to its excellent bio-compatibility， environmental friendliness， and excellent flexibility. In this paper， the preparation methods of cellulose-based flexible electrode materials were introduced in detail， and the advantages and limitations of different preparation methods were compared in depth. In addition， the cellulose-based flexible electrode materials prepared based on different cellulose-based raw materials （including virgin cellulose， nanocellulose， and cellulose derivatives） were reviewed， and their key performance characteristics were analyzed. This paper summarized and analyzed the main challenges faced by cellulose-based flexible electrode materials， and the future research focus and development direction were prospected.

Research Progress on Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Lignin Extraction

2024/11/22 15:48:23

In this paper， based on the diversity of hydrogen bond acceptors， and hydrogen bond donors in acidic low-eutectic solvents （ADESs）， the characteristics of common ADESs， Lewis-ADESs and Brønsted-ADESs in the pretreatment process of lignocellulosic fiber biomass were summarized and the research progress in the field of lignin extraction， and value-added utilization were studied. Then， the valuation methods of DFT theory， Kamlet-Taft parameters， nuclear magnetic resonance technique （NMR）， and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） for lignin extraction by ADESs at home and abroad were reviewed， the mechanism and application of each evaluation method were discussed. Finally， the future efficient and sustainable lignin extraction， and value-added lignin utilization were envisioned， from the perspective of the effects of ADESs on the lignin structure as well as the lignin solvation process， with a view to providing certain references for the research in related fields.

Research Progress in 3D Printing of Wood Materials-based on Melt Deposition Molding

TIAN Zhanyong,CHEN Jifei,CHEN Wengang,XIANG Guo,JIANG Youli,HUANG Sisheng — 2024/11/22 15:48:24

In recent years， natural filler polymers have been widely used in the field of 3D printing. Wood materials are gaining attention in the 3D printing field due to their renewable and environmentally friendly properties. This paper first introduced the sources and preparation methods of wood materials， and pointed out that the utilization rate of wood processing residues in China was not high at present， and the utilizations were few. Through increasing innovation in the utilization of wood processing residues， the combination of 3D printing technology could improve its utilization rate. Then， the principle and molding method of 3D printing melt deposition molding technology were discussed in detail， and its performance was summarized and discussed according to the characteristics and molding process of wood materials. The problems existing in wood materials melt deposition molding were analyzed and its development trend was forecasted.

Hydrothermal Liquefaction Enzymolysis Coupling Technology for the Saccharification of Miscanthus Lutarioriparius Biomass

YUAN Ran,LIANG Yinghong,FU Tongcheng,HU Shenglong,WANG Sheng,YI Zili,LI Meng — 2024/11/22 15:48:29

To enhance the feedstock utilization rate of miscanthus lutarioriparius biomass， a hydrothermal liquefaction-surfactants enzymolysis coupling technology was designed to prepare xylooligosaccharides and other saccharides in this study. The reaction conditions were optimized using the response surface test and orthogonal experiments. During hydrothermal liquefaction stage， the highest saccharification efficiency could reach 59.38% under the conditions of 190 ℃， 10 min. Maximum yield of xylooligosaccharides， arabinose， and xylose were 15.53%，7.97%， and 52.58%， respectively. During the enzymatic hydrolysis stage， the highest efficiency of saccharification was 45.02% under the conditions of 30 FPU/g of cellulase and 8% of Tween-80. Treated by the two-stage reaction， the whole saccharification rate could reach 50.12% at maximum.

Alkali-catalyzed Hydrothermal Degradation of Lignin and Its Application to Phenolic Resin Adhesives

WANG Ning,ZHOU Xuesong — 2025/9/25 16:39:23

Acetate lignin (AAL) was degraded by hydrothermal treatment with the aim of increasing its reactive functional group content while regulating its relative molecular weight， and replacing part of phenol with the low-molecular-weight acetate lignin (DAAL) obtained through hydrothermal degradation to prepare lignin-based phenolic (DLPF) resin adhesive. The effects of hydrothermal treatment conditions， such as reaction temperature， reaction time， and alkali dosage， on the molecular weight， phenolic hydroxyl and methoxyl content of acetate lignin were investigated. The effects of lignin hydrothermal degradation on the physical and chemical properties of lignin-based phenolic resin adhesives， such as woodchip bonding strength， thermal stability， and free formaldehyde content were analyzed. The results showed that when the hydrothermal degradation conditions were 20% alkali content (relative to the lignin mass fraction)， reaction temperature of 200 ℃ and reaction time of 150 min， the phenolic hydroxyl content in DAAL was higher and the methoxy content was lower， and the number-average molecular weight decreased from 9 789 to 3 329； the performance of DLPF prepared with degraded lignin was the best， with a woodchip bonding strength of 1.35 MPa， and the free formaldehyde and free phenol contents were 0.11% and 0.54%， respectively.

Research Progress on the Extraction of Lignin and Its Application in Chitosan Composites

SU Jingyuan,LIU Xin,HAN Yi,AN Yanxia,LI Linlin,SHAO Lupeng,ZHANG Jian — 2025/9/25 16:39:24

Composite modification of lignin and chitosan represents a crucial direction for the high-value utilization of biomass resources. This paper systematically reviewed efficient extraction technologies for lignin， with a focus on summarizing recent advances in the preparation techniques for lignin/chitosan composite materials. Composites were prepared by the methods such as solution blending， electrostatic compounding and self-assembly technology， which demonstratd unique advantages in applications including heavy metal ion adsorption， microcapsule-based controlled release systems， and biodegradable food packaging. Finally， this paper summarized the existing problems and challenges in the development and applications of such materials， providing theoretical guidance and practical references for optimizing the performance and expanding the functionalities of biomass-based composites.

Study on Structural Characteristics and Physical Properties of Four Types of Malvaceae Phloem Fibers in China

GUO Qiyu,SHI Lisheng,XIAO Yuying,ZENG Heyang,LI Xincai,WANG Yuanyuan,LI Hailong — 2025/9/25 16:39:25

This study investigated the fiber cell wall structure and mechanical properties of four wild Malvaceae phloem fibers from China： Sterculia lanceolata Cav.， Sterculia pexa Pierre， Abelmoschus manihot var. pungens， and Triumfetta cana Blume. The results showed that all four Malvaceae phloem fibers exhibited elongated morphology with distinct transverse striations. The fiber surfaces were rough， and microfibrils displayed longitudinal corrugated fold structure. The density ranged from 1.54 to 1.63 g/cm³， crystallinity ranged from 75.26% to 79.27%， and the S2 layer microfibril angle ranged from 8° to 23°. Notably， Abelmoschus manihot var. pungens displayed a significantly higher zero-span tensile strength of 113 N/cm compared to the other three phloem fibers (23.4~54.9 N/cm)， with its strength showing a clear positive correlation with the thickness of the fiber cell wall.

Analysis of Chemical Components of Four Characteristic Wild Bast Fiber Plants in Yunnan Province

ZHANG Xinchao,SONG Tao,YUE Fengxia,REN Junli,LIU Chuanfu — 2025/9/25 16:39:26

This study took four characteristic wild bast fiber plants in Yunnan province as the research objects and systematically analyzed the main chemical composition and key lignocellulosic properties of their stems. The results showed that the content ranges of cellulose， hemicellulose and lignin in the four plants were 25.57% to 43.75%， 5.36% to 16.82%， and 12.15% to 31.71%， respectively. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the isolated cellulose ranged from 880 to 1 415， and the molecular weight of hemicellulose ranged from 43.62 to 200.73 kDa， with glucose or xylose serving as the primary sugar units. The syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio of acid-insoluble lignin ranged from 0.82 to 1.54. Among the four bast fiber plants， Ensete glaucum exhibited the lowest lignin content (12.19%) coupled with the highest holocellulose content (55.94%) and cellulose content (43.74%)， making it the most suitable candidate for the papermaking industry. Broussonetia papyrifera ranked second in applicability. Sida szechuensis Matsuda exhibited the highest lignin content (31.74%) and had a greater advantage in the lignocellulose-based biomass refining industry， while Pouzolzia sanguinea exhibited the lowest holocellulose content (32.41%) and cellulose content (merely 5.38%) among the studied plants. Additionally， it showed relatively high ash content (12.96%) and extractives content (20.52%)， indicating limited application potential in both the papermaking industry and the hemicellulose-based biomass conversion sector.

Study on the Pulping Applicability of Phloem Anatomical Structure and Chemical Composition of Broussonetia Plants

WANG Ping,LIU Xiaoyu,LIU Mengru,CHEN Qijie,LI Hailong — 2025/9/25 16:39:27

The anatomical structure and chemical composition of three Broussonetia plants phloem (Broussonetia papyrifera， Broussonetia kazinoki， Broussonetia kaempferi Siebold) were studied， and the micro-region distribution characteristics of lignin and pectin were observed. The results showed that the phloem of three Broussonetia plants exhibited many similarities in terms of anatomical structure and chemical composition. Compared with Broussonetia papyrifera and Broussonetia kazinoki， the phloem fibroblasts in the Broussonetia kaempferi Siebold were more closely arranged， accounted for a higher proportion in the phloem， and had a higher content (63.31%) of holocellulose. The lignin content of the phloem of three Broussonetia plants phloem (approximately 14% to 16%) was lower than that of common wood and straw， and it was mainly deposited in the phellem layer， parenchyma tissue and phloem rays. The pectin content was 7% to 10%， and it was mainly distributed in the phloem rays， phellogen， and parenchyma.

Study of the Wall-to-Lumen Ratio in Fibers of Various Wild Plant Species

WANG Yuanyuan,LI Hailong,LI Sainan,CHEN Siyao,LIU Qinghe,LIU Mengru — 2025/9/4 11:46:02

This study analyzed the wall-to-lumen ratio in 216 fiber samples from four categories of Chinese plants—hardwood， softwoods， graminaceous species， and bast fibers—using cryo-sectioning and microstructural staining. Results demonstrated significantly lower ratios with minimal intra-sample variation in woody fibers： approximately 92% of hardwoods (47/51) exhibited ratios <1 (Lonicera ruprechtiana latewood peaked at 1.26)， while Lonicera 86% of softwoods (12/14) presented <1 (Larix gmelimii latewood maximum： 1.09). Conversely， graminaceous and bast fibers showed higher ratios with greater variability： approximately 91% of graminaceous samples (30/33) exceeded 1 (Ferroca lamus strictus maximum： 4.25)， and approximately 85% of bast fibers (100/118) were >1 (Litsea coreana var. lanuginose peak： 6.47).

Chemical Composition Analysis of Five kinds of Wild Hardwood Species in Jilin Province

WANG Yue,SONG Tao,YUE Fengxia,REN Junli,LIU Chuanfu — 2025/9/4 11:46:03

The main chemical composition and key characteristics of lignocelluloses for 5 kinds of wild hardwood species in Jilin Province were characterized using techniques including the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) method， thioacidolysis， high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)， and ion chromatography (IC)， etc. Based on the results， the potential applications of these plant fibers in papermaking and other fields were disscussed and compared. The results showed that the cellulose content of the 5 kinds of wood types was similar， while the hemicellulose and lignin contents ranged from 16.68% to 24.88% and 17.82% to 26.15%， respectively. The average degree of polymerization (DP) of the isolated cellulose was 1 021~1 708， and the weight-average molecular weight (M_w) of hemicellulose was 45.83~73.78 kDa. Hemicellulose primarily consisted of various types of xylans (with glucans being secondary). Acid-insoluble lignin was dominating in the lignin of 5 kinds of hardwood with the S/G ratio ranged from 0.21 to 3.92. Comprehensive analysis indicates that Crataegus pinnatifida (mountain hawthorn) is the most suitable raw material among the 5 kinds of hardwoods in the pulping and papermaking field， while Sorbus pohuashanensis (Sorbus species) is the most suitable one applied in the lignocellulose-based biorefinery field.

Study on the Change of Chemical Composition during the Growth Process of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro

WANG Ping,SHEN Bowen,QIN Xiao,NI Jingbo,SHI Lisheng,CHEN Qijie,LI Hailong — 2025/9/4 11:46:04

Chemical composition of raw materials is an important factor affecting the pulping performance of bamboo， and the study of the chemical composition of bamboo can preliminarily evaluate its application value in pulp and papermaking. This study focused on Dendrocalamus latiflorus munro as the object， the chemical composition changes during the growth process were analyzed， and the micro-distribution of lignin content was observed with the help of laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results showed that with increasing of bamboo age， the holocellulose and cellulose contents in Dendrocalamus latiflorus exhibited a gradual declining trend. Nevertheless， the holocellulose content consistently remained above 70% across all age groups. Then， the total lignin content increased from about 20% to about 24%. The content of phenyl alcohol extract increased with the increase of bamboo age. There was no significant correlation between ash content and bamboo age， generally less than 3%. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the above results， the chemical composition indexes of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro could meet the basic requirements of pulp and paper raw materials from 8 to 36 months.

Study on the Effect of Different Blending Proportions of Kraft Lignin/Lignin Sulfonate on the Preparation of Carbon Fibers

WANG Jie,SHI Changrong,KIM Yongsik,AN Liangliang,LIU Yuxin — 2025/9/4 11:46:05

Effects of adding different amounts of lignin sulfonate （LS） on the morphology， yield and structure of cross-linked kraft lignin （CKL） precursor fibers and carbon fibers were investigated. The results showed that CKL with the mass fraction of 28% had good fiber-forming properties during electrospinning， and the prepared precursor fibers had uniform morphology； while the addition of LS reduced the solution viscosity and produced insoluble particles， resulting in nodules or particles on the fiber surface. During the thermal oxidation process， the higher the LS content， the greater the weight loss of the precursor fiber； at the same time， in the carbonization process， the carbonization temperature needed to be lowered to control the weight loss and avoid fiber breakage. The addition of LS affected the formation of the carbon layer and the degree of graphitization to a certain extent. Adding 10% LS could obtain carbon fibers with a high degree of graphitization and a dendritic fiber morphology， and was rich in 2.71% S element.

Study on the Use of Waste Liquid from Corn Straw Acetic Acid Pulping as Soil Conditioners

XU Danjie,PING Qingwei,SHANG Jin,SHENG Xueru,ZHANG Jian,LI Na,WANG Bing — 2025/9/4 11:46:06

In this study， the waste liquid from acetic acid pulping of corn straw (referred to as degradation liquid) was used. Through potting experiments， the effects of different dilution ratios (25~200 times) of degradation liquid on soil physicochemical properties， enzyme activities， and the growth of leafy vegetable plants were explored. The results showed that the degradation liquid contained various components such as sugars and small molecule organic acids. The application of degradation solution could increase the content of soil organic matter， decrease the pH value， increase the electrical conductivity， and enhance the activities of sucrase and phosphatase. When the dilution ratio was greater than 100 times， the soil bulk density decreased， the water content increased， the contents of total phosphorus and available phosphorus both increased， and the activities of urease and catalase both decreased. When the dilution ratio was greater than 50 times， the content of ammonium nitrogen of soil increased. Degradation solutions diluted 50 to 200 times could all promote plant growth， among which the plants treated with degradation solution diluted 100 times had the best growth. In conclusion， the entire component of the waste liquid from acetic acid pulping of corn stalks could be used to improve soil quality. The degradation liquid at an appropriate concentration could effectively enhance the physical properties， chemical fertility， and biological fertility of the soil， and promote the growth of crops.

Research on Preparation and Performances of Shell-formed Paper-based Dust Suppressant Reinforced by Nanofibrillated Cellulose

HUANG Xiongwei,WANG Guanhua,ZHANG Bo,HAN Yu,LIU Yile,SUI Wenjie,SI Chuanling — 2025/7/22 20:41:07

Using nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) as natural polymer additives， mixed with pulp， the shell-formed full-fiber paper-based dust suppressant with excellent performances was prepared by optimizing the dosage of NFC and spraying quantity of paper-based dust suppressant. The applicability of it was discussed by comprehensive morphology characterization， seed germination experiment， and outdoor field experiment. The results showed that when the dosage of NFC (relative to the mass of adiabatic pulp) was 6%， the paper-based dust suppressant was sprayed on the sand surface (spraying quantity of 5 L/m²)， which could form a dense and high-strength fiber film shell. Compared with the paper-based dust suppressant without NFC， the compressive property of the film shell increased from 510 kPa to 1 470 kPa. The wind resistance was significantly improved， and the sand loss rate was decreased from 32.8% to almost 0 (sand loss rate of 0.41%). The rain erosion resistance was increased from 78.1% to 90.3%. The anti-evaporation performance was more excellent， and the water evaporation rate was significantly reduced. Adding NFC to the paper-based dust suppressant could promote the formation of a denser film shell microstructure， thereby enhancing the bonding strength between pulp fibers and improving the performances of the paper-based dust suppressant. The film shell formed by the paper-based dust suppressant could achieve the effect of long-term suppression of dust pollution， and had no effect on plant seed germination and seedling growth.

Research Progress on Lignin-based Derived Materials

WANG Sen,YANG Changjiang,GAO Xiaojun,SHI Xin,WANG Wenfeng,MA Minghua — 2025/7/22 20:41:08

Black liquor’s main component from pulping is lignin， which is rich in carbon elements and functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl groups and alcohol hydroxyl groups， but also can be doped into other materials to improve its performance， and has a significant prospect for resource utilization. In this paper， the source， characteristics， and extraction methods of lignin were introduced， the research progress of lignin and its derivatives in the preparation and application of functional materials were discussed in detail， and the existing problems and potential development directions of lignin materials were summarized and prospected， in order to provide a new way for the resource utilization and high-value application of lignin-based derived materials.

Simulation Study of Dissolution Behavior of Cellulose in Choline Chloride/Urea Based on Molecular Dynamics

QIN Xingtian,HU Dianhe,QIN Liming,WU Chaojun,CHEN Yehong — 2025/7/22 20:41:09

In this paper， the interaction between choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent （DES） system and cellulose crystalline fibers was studied by simulation method， in order to explore its kinetic behavior on the crystalline region of cellulose. The changing process and regularity of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and intramolecular hydrogen bonds of cellulose in the DES system were investigated through the simulation. Cellulose Builder was used to model cellulose and the dissolution kinetics were simulated under Gromacs software. The results showed that the choline chloride/urea DES system destroyed the original hydrogen bond network structure between cellulose fibers in cellulose crystal region， and the cellulose crystal region had a certain degree of dissolution， in which urea played a major role， and the destruction of intrachain hydrogen bonds was greater than that of the interchain hydrogen bonds. The intramolecular hydrogen bond O2-H---O6 decreased by 2.7 percentage points， the overall decrease of intramolecular hydrogen bond O3-H---O5 was 0.8 percentage points， while the overall decrease of the intermolecular hydrogen bond O6-H---O3 was 0.6 percentage points. The destruction of hydrogen bonds mainly occurred on the hydroxyl group on the surface of cellulose. The reconstructed hydrogen bonding network eventually stabilized， resulting in a stable cellulose inclusion structure.

Preparation and Oil Absorption Properties of Superhydrophobic Lipophilic SiO₂/Cellulose Composite Aerogels

JIANG Songtao,YU Songbai,LI Yeqing,WANG Yunyao — 2025/7/22 20:41:11

Using the dissolution regeneration method， cellulose hydrogel was prepared. Under alkaline as a catalyst， the hydrolysis-condensation rate of tetraethyl orthosilicate （TEOS） was controlled to regulate the size of the prepared SiO₂ particles， followed by the composite of cellulose and SiO₂， which was then freeze-dried to obtain a SiO₂/cellulose composite aerogel. After hydrophobic modification with alkyl siloxane， a superhydrophobic oleophilic SiO₂/cellulose composite aerogel was prepared. The results indicated successful SiO₂ incorporation into the cellulose aerogel， and the prepared SiO₂/cellulose composite aerogel had a porous structure. At a pH value of 10， SiO₂ sphere had a size range of 50~200 nm， and SiO₂/cellulose composite aerogel had a static contact angle of 158.9° and a roll-off angle of 3.2°， of which oil absorption capacity was 12.8 times its own weight.

Research Progress on Biomass-based Microcapsules in Tobacco

2025/7/22 20:41:12

The shell materials of cigarette microcapsules commonly come from biomass-based materials， such as gelatin， sodium alginate， chitosan， cellulose and other plant-based materials. Biomass-based materials offer several advantages such as eco-friendly， renewable， biodegradable， and exhibiting favorable film-forming properties. The preparation methods of biomass-based microcapsules mainly include physical methods， chemical methods， and physicochemical methods. Choosing the appropriate preparation method can improve the encapsulation efficiency of the core material and reduce losses. This paper summarized the shell and core materials of the biomass-based microcapsules in tobacco， demonstrated preparation methods， and explained the flavorings release mechanism. The application of biomass-based microcapsules in tobacco were further illustrated， and a summary and outlook were provided.

Patent Analysis of Biomass Power Generation Technology

YANG Zhan,YIN Kedi,XUE Yue,YANG Anqi,YANG Dan,ZHAI Yuanhao,LUO Min — 2025/7/22 20:41:13

Biomass power generation technology， as a direct and effective way to utilize biomass energy， has the advantages of environmental friendliness and bringing benefits to farmers. It meets the requirements of national energy conservation， emission reduction， and green circular development. Meanwhile， it is of great significance for promoting the multi-channel resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste and facilitating the country’s “dual-carbon” goals. This paper analyzed the global development trend of biomass power generation technology from the perspectives of patent application trends， application regions， and main innovation entities. Corresponding patent navigation suggestions were put forward for the research and development innovation， patent protection， and utilization of enterprises and scientific research institutions.

Study on the Fiber Morphology and Structure of Six Bamboo Species Belonging to the Cephalostachyum Munro in China

LIU Qinghe,XU Zuchang,YANG Rongcong,LI Hailong — 2025/6/23 17:29:02

In this study， six bamboo species of the genus Cephalostachyum Munro in China were taken as research objects， and their fiber morphology and structure were investigated using techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and two-dimensional wide-angle X-ray powder diffractometer （2D WAXD）. The results showed that the anatomical structures of all six bamboo species lacked fiber bundle， and the vascular bundle types were all typically slender waist type. The morphology of fibers were similar in overall shape and they were relatively rigid， among which the fiber of Cephalostachyum scandens Bor had the longest length （2.25 mm）， with a high proportion of fibers of length >3.20 mm. The microfibril angles of fiber from the six bamboo species ranged from 8.46° to 14.79°， with Cephalostachyum scandens Bor fiber exhibiting the largest microfibril angle （14.79°）. There were no significant differences in the zero-span tensile indices of fibers among the six species， and Cephalostachyum pallidum Munro had the highest values （0.212 kN·m/g in dry method and 0.193 kN·m/g in wet method）， followed by Cephalostachyum scandens Bor （0.189 kN·m/g in dry method and 0.173 kN·m/g in wet method）.

Research on the Removal of Lignin from Corn Stalk Hydrolysate Using Thermal Coagulation of Soymilk

2025/6/23 17:29:03

This study investigated the impact of high-temperature thermal soymilk （Soymilk-TC） flocculation process on lignin removal from corn stalk hydrolysate and elucidated its reaction mechanism， aming to enhance the biochemical characteristics of the hydrolysate. The results showed that the Soymilk-TC flocculation process effectively removed 85.38% of colloidal lignin and 28.14% of dissolved lignin from the hydrolysate， outperforming the Cationic polyacrylamide and Polyaluminium chloride coagulation methods. By analyzing the chemical structure， surface charge， surface hydrophobicity， free thiol content， etc. of soymilk before and after heat treatment， the thermodynamic changed of protein and lignin and the self-flocculation process of protein in the Soymilk-TC flocculation process were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that high temperature causes denaturation of soy protein in soymilk and enhanced the surface hydrophobicity of soymilk. It promoted the combination of soymilk and lignin through hydrophobic reaction. Meanwhile， the thiol-disulfide bond reaction promoted the formation of macromolecular aggregates of soymilk molecules combined with lignin， facilitating their separation from the hydrolysate of corn stalks. The biodegradability of the hydrolysate was significantly enhanced by the Soymilk-TC flocculation process， resulting in increases of 207.65% in biogas yield and 34.32% in biogas production rate.

Study on Improving the Durability of Aged Paper Documents by Silicification Modified Bacterial Cellulose/Nano-magnesia Oxide Reinforce Dispersion

MOU Hongyan,ZHANG Boer,ZHANG Hongjie,WU Xiao,WU Ting — 2025/6/23 17:29:04

Bacterial cellulose （BC） was used as the reinforcing substrate， chemically modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane （APTES） and compounded with nano-magnesium oxide （MgO） to produce silanized bacterial cellulose/nano-magnesium oxide （APTES-BC/MgO） reinforce dispersion， which were applied in the study of the durability of reinforced paper. The mechanical properties of APTES-BC/MgO reinforced paper were always higher than those of the BC reinforced paper and the unreinforced paper during the wet-heat aging process. After 30 days of hygrothermal aging test， the transverse tearing index and transverse tensile index of APTES-BC/MgO reinforced paper were still 29.6% and 27.1% higher than those of the unreinforced paper， and the pH value and alkali reserves were 7.56 and 0.25 mol/kg， respectively， with the least whiteness change and colour difference. The aged paper reinforced by APTES-BC/MgO exhibited the excellent durability.

Chemical Composition Analysis, Microstructure Analysis and Isolated Lignin Structural Characterization of Dendrocalamus membranaceus cv. grandis at Different Growth-ages

CHAI Ruoxue,LI Bingyun,LI Hailong — 2025/6/23 17:29:05

In this study， the chemical composition， fiber morphology， biological structure， and lignin structure of three kinds of Dendrocalamus membranaceus cv.grandis of different bamboo growth-ages were studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy， gel permeation chromatography and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance. The results showed that with the increase of bamboo growth-ages， the average length and width of bamboo fiber increased slightly， but the ratio of length-width remained unchanged. The proportions of fundamental tissue decreased， proportions of fibrous tissue and conducting tissue increased. The fiber cell wall of the fiber strand in the bundle was thickened gradually. The hemicellulose， cold water and hot water extracted from the bamboo gradually decreased. Acid insoluble， acid soluble lignin， lignin content， and benzenol extract content increased. The lignin of different bamboo growth-ages was GSH type， and the main bonding mode between lignin structural units was β-O-4 ether bond. With the increase of bamboo age， the S/G value increased， the molecular weight of lignin increased， and the content of β-O-4 ether bond increased.

Effects of Combined Hydrothermal-acid DES Pretreatment on the Physicochemical Properties and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Paulownia

CHEN Aini,SUN Lili,HAN Ying,CAO Xuefei,SUN Shaoni — 2025/5/26 17:48:19

The hydrothermal combined with acidic deep eutectic solvent （DES） treatments were used to pretreat Paulownia to obtain high xylose yield and enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. Firstly， tartaric acid （TA） assisted hydrothermal pretreatment was utilized to treat Paulownia. The effects of temperature （120~160 ℃）， time （15~120 min）， and TA quality fraction （0~10%） on xylose yield were investigated. Subsequently， the hydrothermal residue was subjected to post-treatment with deep eutectic solvent （DES） composed of choline chloride and lactic acid operated at 90~150 ℃ for 2~8 h. The results show that the optimal hydrothermal pretreatment conditions were 140 ℃， 60 min and quality fraction 4% TA， resulting in a maximum xylose yield of 80.5%.the combined hydrothermal and DES treatments effectively removed hemicellulose and lignin， leading to increased crystallinity， surface roughness， specific surface area and accessibility of the treated Paulownia. The optimal DES post-treatment conditions were determined to be 130 ℃ for 6 h. Under the optimal treatment conditions， the removal rates of hemicellulose and lignin reached 100% and 89.7%， respectively， with a cellulose retention rate of 77.3% and an enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of 85.2%， which was 4.6 times higher than that of Paulownia.

Application of Nanocellulose Composite Hydrogels in Flexible Sensors

LI Xinyi,YANG Yang,CHAO Lumen,LI Hongkai,LIU Wen,HUANG Jianbo — 2025/5/26 17:48:20

In this paper， the synthesis methods of hydrogel sensors and strategies to improve their performance were summarized， focusing on the application of nanocellulose hydrogels in flexible sensor applications， and introducing the response of nanocellulose hydrogel flexible sensors to external stimuli such as stress， strain， temperature， humidity， and target analytes. Finally， suggestions were provided to address the challenges and issues of nanocellulose hydrogels， and the applications of nanocellulose bydrosels in flexible sensors were prospected.

Effects of the Structure of Ramie and Jute Fibers on Their Mechanical Properties

HUANG Wenjie,HOU Baoyang,ZHOU Fuyue,ZHANG Pinle,BAI Yunxia,LIU Xinliang — 2025/5/26 17:48:21

In this study， the structure-property relationships between fiber aspect ratio， crystallinity， hydrogen bonding， and mechanical properties were elucidated， focusing on Ramie and Jute fibers from different origins and employing the hydrogen peroxide/glacial acetic acid delignification process. The results showed that the mechanical properties of Ramie fibers varied slightly depending on their origin. There were similar tensile strengths of (1 117.0±55.9) MPa for Ramie fibers （Zhejiang province） and (1 222.0±61.1) MPa for Ramie fibers （Jiangxi province）， but a better elastic modulus （(74.3±3.7) GPa） of Ramie fibers （Jiangxi province）. Compared to Ramie fibers， Jute fibers had the smallest tensile strength and elastic modulus of (139.0±7.0) MPa and (21.1±1.1) GPa， respectively， which was attributed to the higher crystallinity （>78%）， stronger hydrogen bonding network （>64%）， and higher aspect ratio （>1 900） of Ramie fibers.

Effects of Acetic Acid Pretreatment on Enzymatic Saccharification and Physicochemical Properties of Acacia

LIU Mi,CHI Congcong — 2025/5/26 17:48:21

The effects of pretreatment temperature， acetic acid dosage， and the number of revolutions of PFI refining on the enzymatic hydrolysis saccharification rate of Acacia were investigated through acetic acid pretreatment of wood chips， three-stage refining， and PFI refining in this study. Additionally， XRD， SEM and TG-IR were used to analyze the structure of Acacia before and after pretreatment. The results showed that acetic acid pretreatment could significantly increase the reducing sugar yield and solid content in the acetic acid extract of Acacia. When the acetic acid dosage was the same （e.g. HAC5）， as the pretreatment temperature increased from 140 ℃ to 170 ℃， the solid content in the pretreatment extract increased from 4.4% to 16.5%， and the reducing sugar yield increased from 2.4% to 13.2%. When the pretreatment temperature was 170 ℃， as the acetic acid dosage increased from 0 to 9%， the solid content in the pretreatment solution increased from 16.1% to 16.8%， and the reducing sugar yield increased from 11.7% to 13.4%. In addition， under certain conditions， the higher the pretreatment temperature， the greater the acetic acid dosage， or the more the number of revolutions of PFI refining， the higher the total reducing sugar yield in the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis conversion processes， and the higher the mass loss rate of the corresponding raw materials. Considering the economic cost savings and environmental protection factors comprehensively， the most suitable conditions for the pretreatment of Acacia were the temperature of 170 ℃， the volume fraction of acetic acid of 5%， and 5 000 revolutions of PFI refining.

Research Progress on Lignin-based Sodium Ion Battery Anode Materials

TIAN Zhongyuan,WU Hongqin,WANG Ziquan,HUANG Jianbo,ZHANG Xueming — 2025/4/27 15:20:33

With the rapid growth of new energy vehicles worldwide and the rapid rise of the energy storage market， sodium ion batteries， as a representative of low-cost energy storage batteries， are ushering in new development opportunities. Lignin is an abundant natural resource， and the hard carbon materials prepared by lignin have excellent properties， which is undoubtedly the first choice for the anode of sodium ion batteries. In this paper， the advantages， working principle， Na⁺ storage mechanism and type of anode material of sodium ion batteries were introduced. This review comprehensively summarized recent advances in carbonization and heteroatom doping strategies for preparation of lignin-derived hard carbon anode materials， and critical challenges and future research priorities in this field were also discussed.

Research Progress on Liquid-phase Depolymerization of Lignin Under Mild Conditions

2025/4/27 15:20:35

In recent years， depolymerization of lignin into highly reactive small molecule fragments has become a major mode of lignin utilization. Traditional lignin depolymerization strategies are mostly limited to the reaction conditions of high temperature and pressure and the use of expensive metal catalysts. Therefore， the study of mild reaction systems and high efficiency and low-cost catalysts are the key points to realize the efficient conversion and utilization of lignin macromolecules. In this paper， the research progress of lignin depolymerization methods under mild conditions in recent years were reviewed， the effects of solvent properties and catalyst types on lignin depolymerization were summarized， and the future development trend of lignin high-value utilization was prospected.

Review of Lignin-based Biochar-supported Photocatalytic Materials for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater

2025/4/27 15:20:36

In recent years， photocatalytic technology has become one of the effective ways to treat organic pollutants in wastewater. Lignin-based biochar materials were used as photocatalyst carriers to degrade organic pollutants by the combined adsorption and photocatalytic technology， showing good application prospects. The structural and physicochemical properties of lignin-based biochar materials could improve the light absorption， degradation activity， separability， and stability of photocatalysts. Therefore， this paper highlighted the types of biochar carriers and the methods of preparation and modification of the material， and emphasized the degradation mechanisms of organic pollutants in wastewater. Finally， the application and research progress of the composites for typical pollutants such as dyes， antibiotics， and phenols were summarized.

Research on the Preparation of Cellulose-based Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Their Applications in Human-machine Interaction and Energy Harvesting

YANG Jingjing,YANG Bin — 2025/4/27 15:20:36

This study presented a fully eco-degradable triboelectric nanogenerator （TENG） based on cellulose filter paper， which featured a closed-loop ecological design that integrated renewable substrates with recyclable functional layers to surpass the environmental limitations of conventional devices. The hierarchical composite architecture consisted of polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF）-modified cellulose paper as the high-efficiency triboelectric layer and copper nanowire-embedded cellulose substrate as the flexible electrode， synergistically achieving an outstanding output voltage of 198 V and power density of 1 038.6 mW/m². The device successfully droved humidity meters， light-emitting diodes （LEDs）， and calculators. Furthermore， by integrating machine learning algorithms， a self-powered human-machine interface was constructed. Through the recognition of finger movements， it achieved precise control over online gaming.

Preparation of Graded Lignin Flocculant and Its Effects on theTreatment of Simulated White Water from Reconstituted Tobacco Sheets

2025/4/27 15:20:39

This paper employed two organic solvents （n-butanol and ethanol） to fractionate corn cob alkaline lignin， yielding lignin components（F1， F2） characterized by high reactivity and excellent accessibility for reactions. Utilizing 2-（methacryloyloxy） 3-ethyl trimethylammonium chloride （METAC） as the grafting monomer and azobisisobutyronitrile （AIBN） as the initiator， lignin flocculant （FX-LBF） was synthesized through free radical polymerization. This paper explored the effects of various preparation conditions （METAC dosage， recation temperature， and recation time） and external environmental factors （FX-LBF dosage， suspension concentration， pH value， and coexisting ions） on the flocculation efficacy of FX-LBF. The results showed that FX-LBF prepared with METAC∶FX mass ratio of 6∶1， reaction temperature of 50~60 ℃， and reaction time of 3~4 h exhibited the optimal flocculation performance. Notably， the removal rate of F2-LBF prepared with ethanol graded lignin on simulated white water of reconstituted tobacco sheets （Kaolin suspension） was 98.9%， and the removal rate of suspended matter in concentrated white water of reconstituted tobacco sheets production line was 98.0%. Furthermore， by modulating external environmental variables， it was observed that the optimal removal rate for reconstituted tobacco sheets simulated white water remained above 88.0%， indicating that FX-LBF prepared from graded lignin possessed robust environmental adaptability.

Preparation and Phase Transition Properties of Cellulose-based Composite Phase Change Energy Storage Materials

HAN Chen,WANG Yang,YANG Rendang,CHENG Chen,GUO Xiaohui — 2025/3/24 21:51:03

In order to overcome the problem that hydrated salt phase change materials are prone to leakage during the energy storage phase change process， in this study， aerogel carrier （MFC/PVA/G） with porous structure were prepared from microfibrillated cellulose （MFC）， polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）， and graphene （G） by using freeze-drying technology， and after loading the phase change material Na₂SO₄·10H₂O based on vacuum impregnation method， composite phase change energy storage materials （MFC/PVA/G-PCM）. The results showed that the MFC/PVA/G had good loading effect on Na₂SO₄·10H₂O with excellent dimensional stability and anti-leakage， and the thermal conductivity was improved by more than 150% compared with that of pure Na₂SO₄·10H₂O. With the increase of PVA content， the specific surface area of MFC/PVA/G increased and the pore size decreased. Comparing with other MFC/PVA/G-PCM， when the mass ratio of MFC and PVA was 8∶2， the enthalpy of MFC₈/PVA₂/G-PCM was the largest， with the enthalpy of solidification being 169.5 J/g and the enthalpy of melting being 217.8 J/g. In the range of 0~50 ℃， the enthalpy of solidification after 300 phase change cycles was not changed much， with the enthalpy of solidification being 165.6 J/g and the enthalpy of melting 170.3 J/g， which had good stability of phase change cycle. In addition， the introduction of 4% borax into Na₂SO₄·10H₂O could significantly improve the energy storage phase change performance of MFC/PVA/G-PCM， resulting in an increase in the crystallisation temperature and a decrease in the degree of supercooling （within the variation range of 1 ℃）.

Study on the Reinforcing Effect of Cellulose Fibers on Polyacrylonitrile Fibers Filter Paperboard

ZHANG Sufeng,LYU Xin,JING Xiaokai,YANG Yuxuan,LI Jinrui,SHE Qianqian — 2025/3/24 21:51:04

A polyacrylonitrile （PAN） filter paperboard was prepared by blending regenerated Lyocell fibers with PAN fibers， adding the binder polyvinyl alcohol （PVA）， and filtering aid SiO₂， with wet-forming method. The PAN filtration paperboard was enhanced through the synergistic effect of fine fiber interweaving and the binder. The tensile index， porosity， pore size， and water flux of the filter paperboard at different levels of fiber regeneration were compared and analyzed. The results showed that when the pulp grinding for 40 000， the filter paperboard exhibited optimal overall performance. At this point， the tensile index was the highest at 5.97 N·m/g， with porosity of 88% and water flux of 599 L·m²/min. The reference was provided for the development of PAN filter paperboard for water filtration.

Research Progress on Application of Lignin Nanoparticles in UV Protection

HOU Longlong,LI Qiongxian,NING Weiwei,YANG Chunxue,YANG Dongmei,QIAN Xueren — 2025/3/24 21:51:05

As a broad-spectrum sunscreen， lignin has inherent properties such as UV-resistance and antibacterial properties due to its special structure， and has a broad application in the field of UV protection. In order to realize the high-value utilization of lignin to a greater extent， the research of lignin nanoparticles has solved the problems of lignin’s complex structure， inhomogeneity， and darker colour to a certain extent， while its UV-resistance has been further enhanced. In this paper， the UV protection function of lignin， the preparation of lignin nanoparticles， and the application of lignin nanoparticles in the field of UV protection were described in detail， providing references for the resource utilization of lignin in UV shielding field.

Preparation of Boron and Nitrogen Co-doped Cellulose-based Carbon Dots and Their Improvement of Electrochemical Properties of Copper Sulfides

DAI Yunchuan,WANG Xiaodong,WANG Zhiwei,GUO Yanzhu — 2025/2/25 13:04:39

The boron and nitrogen co-doped cellulose-based carbon dots （B-N-CDs） were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method using oxidized cellulose （OC） as the carbon source， boric acid and ammonia as the dopants， and then composite materials CuS/B-N-CDs were constructed by the method of low-temperature impregnation. The optical properties of the B-N-CDs and the electrochemical properties of the composite materials were systematically characterized. The results showed that the optimal excitation and emission wavelengths of B-N-CDs were 337 and 420 nm， respectively， and the average particle size was 1.79 nm. The specific capacitance of composite materials CuS/B-N-CDs at 1 A/g current density was 896.0 F/g. The asymmetric supercapacitor CuS/B-N-CDs//AC ASC assembled therefrom achieved an energy density of 60.7 Wh/kg at power density of 806.5 W/kg and it had good multiplicative performance （coulomb efficiency of 93.9%） in the current density range of 1~10 A/g. In addition， the capacitance retention rate of supercapacitor was 96.2% after 10 000 times of charging and discharging， with good cycling performance.

Research Progress of Cellulose-based Microwave Absorbing and Stealth Materials

LI Tiantian,LI Wei,MENG Yu,TONG Shuhua,XU Ting,SI Chuanling — 2025/2/25 13:04:40

With the development of information technology， electromagnetic pollution is becoming increasingly serious. In order to better absorb electromagnetic waves and enhance the stealth performance of fighter jets and other military equipments， the development of microwave absorbing materials is increasingly important. Cellulose-based microwave absorbing materials have the advantages of lightweight， high flexibility， wide absorption bandwidth， and high absorption intensity， which can simultaneously meet the demand for lightweight materials and effective absorption of electromagnetic waves， so it is a research hotspot of stealth materials. This paper reviewed the research progress of cellulose-based wave-absorbing and stealth materials， summarized the preparation methods， structural characteristics， and wave-absorbing properties of cellulose-derived carbon materials and cellulose-based composites with different dimensions. At the same time， how to improve the absorbing efficiency and impedance matching performance through material design was discussed to meet the requirements of modern military equipment for lightweight and high performance of stealth materials， and its development was forecasted.

Research Progress of Bio-based 2D/3D Oil-water Separation Materials

SU Yang,QIN Liming,CHEN Yehong,WU Chaojun — 2025/2/25 13:04:40

Currently， oil leakage incidents and industrial oily wastewater pollution have inflicted significant damage on both the environment and human health. Consequently， it is imperative to implement effective measures for efficient oil-water separation. Traditional mechanical and filtration methods are often associated with high energy consumption and non-recyclability. In contrast， bio-based oil-water separation materials such as cellulose and chitosan have garnered considerable attention from scholars due to their biodegradability， biocompatibility， and abundant raw material sources. This paper systematically reviewed the preparation strategies of 2D and 3D bio-based oil-water separation materials. Specifically， it summarizeed recent advancements in the preparation of 2D bio-based materials through dip coating， pumping filtration， and electrospinning， while analyzing the regulatory mechanisms governing surface micro-nano structures and surface energy. Additionally， it compareed the improvement and limitation of 3D bio-based materials prepared via directional freezing， bubble templating， and solution reaction methods. The study also evaluateed various materials and their preparation techniques， and practical application scenarios. Finally， it addresseed existing challenges in the synthesis and practical application of bio-based oil-water separation materials， forecasting future trends towards lower carbon emissions， enhanced environmental protection， more efficient separation， and improved mechanical properties.

Preparation of L-CNF from Bamboo Sawdust Pretreated with γ-Valerolactone/Water System

WANG Xinyu,LUO Qing,LI Yan,HUA Feiguo,DAI Lei — 2025/1/22 16:03:42

Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils （L-CNF） was prepared from waste bamboo sawdust using γ-valerolactone （GVL）/water system pretreatment combined with mild homogenization. The effects of reaction temperature， reaction time， and mass ratio of GVL to water on the physicochemical properties and lignin content of the bamboo sawdust fiber were investigated， and ultimately the preparation conditions were optimized. The results showed that the pretreatment of bamboo sawdust with GVL/water system did not change the structure of fibers， the primary crystalline structure of cellulose was still retained， and the lignin content was reduced. The optimum reaction conditions for the pretreatment of bamboo sawdust with GVL/water system were that reaction temperature of 140 ℃， the reaction time of 10 h， and the mass ratio of GVL to water of 4∶1， under which L-CNF with nano-size （the average particle size of (15.4±4) nm） and high UV shielding performance （UV shielding rate of more than 90% in both the UVA and UVB bands） were obtained.

Amination of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin and Adsorption Property Towards Congo Red Dye

MA Ziqiang,LU Juan,LIN Shukai,LOU Chenfang,TIAN Qinfen,ZHUANG Jiandong — 2025/1/22 16:03:43

In this study， enzymatic hydrolysis lignin （EHL） was modified via Mannich reaction to prepare aminating enzymatic hydrolysis lignin （NEHL）， which further improved its recognition and selective adsorption capacity of Congo red （CR） dye， and the preparation process was optimized. The results showed that the method could successfully graft amine groups on the surface of EHL， the microstructure of the modified NEHL had obvious changes， from a smooth surface to a rough surface， its surface was composed of a structure of irregular particles， and the specific surface area increased. The adsorption experiment results showed that the adsorption capacity of CR reached 2 444.82 mg/g when the dosage of NEHL was 0.05 g. At the same time， the adsorption kinetics and isotherm adsorption models of NEHL were analyzed， and it was concluded that NEHL could adsorb CR by single layer chemisorption. NEHL was a potential adsorbent for removing CR dye from wastewater due to its simple preparation process and superior dye-removing performance.

Preparation and Properties of Catecholized Nanocellulose Tackifying Hydrogels

2025/1/22 16:03:44

In this study， biomass-based hydrogel with good tensile and adhesion properties was rapidly synthesized at room temperature via free radical polymerization technology. PCNF was obtained by modifying the nanocellulose using polydopamine at room temperature. The mechanical properties of the hydrogel were improved effectively by the addition of PCNF to the hydrogel system， with breaking strain of 1 250% and breaking stress of 82.0 kPa. At the same time， the reversible redox reaction of catechol groups was used to endow the hydrogel with good adhesion. The adhesion strength on metallic iron was as high as 22.50 kPa. In addition， hydrogel-based strain sensors exhibited good sensitivity （GF=2.768）， wide linear strain range （up to 500%，R²=0.99）， good response time （300 ms）， and good stability.

Preparation and Adsorption Performance of Fractionated Lignin-based Activated Carbon

LI Dong,XU Cheng,CHEN Qianjin,TU Yan,LIU Jianhua,YANG Yilin,WANG Lei — 2025/1/22 16:03:46

In this study， four kinds of kraft lignin fractions with different relative molecular weight were obtained by four kinds of organic solvents fractionation， and these fractions were used to synthesize lignin-based activated carbon （LAC） at high temperature with phosphoric acid as an activating agent subsequently. The effects of different preparation conditions and external environmental factors on LAC adsorption performance were investigated. The results showed that under high phosphoric acid concentrations and activation temperature， the LAC prepared by lignin fraction with large relative molecular weight had a better adsorption performance towards Cu²⁺. Especially， the LAC prepared from dioxane-fractionated lignin fraction with a phosphoric acid to lignin mass ratio of 2.5∶1 at an activation temperature of 800 ℃ exhibited the highest specific surface areas （806.74 m²/g） and best adsorption performance with the removal rate of 98.3% towards Cu²⁺. Furthermore， Cu²⁺could be removed by LAC at a high level under different temperature and pH value. After four adsorption-desorption cycles， it still had adsorption efficiency of 81% and desorption efficiency of 73%， indicating that the LAC synthesized from fractionated lignin had good environmental stability and reusability.

Research Progress on the Application of Cellulose and Its Derivative in Lithium-ion Batteries

2025/1/22 16:03:48

Cellulose and its derivatives have emerged as prominent materials in various facets of lithium-ion battery technology， including separators， electrode materials and electrolyte. This surge in application is attributed to their cost-effectiveness， abundant availability， and environmentally friendly. This paper provided a comprehensive review of their applications within the context of lithium-ion batteries （LIB）， highlighting the synergy between sustainable material cellulose and advanced energy storage system LIB， including LIB separators， LIB electrode materials， and polymer electrolytes. Additionally， this paper addressed the problems to be solved and outlined future directions for the utilization of cellulose and its derivatives in LIB applications.

Review on Preparation of Nanocellulose-based Aerogels and Their Adsorption Performance of CO₂

2025/1/22 16:03:49

Excessive emission of CO₂ in the air has posed a great threat to human health and the environment. Therefore， the development of green and sustainable air filters with high efficiency has become a focus. Nanocellulose-based aerogels are widely used in the manufacture of air filters due to their high specific surface area， high reactivity， and high plasticity. In this paper， the preparation methods of nanocellulose-based aerogels were expounded， the advantages and disadvantages of each method were evaluated， the current research status and progress of nanocellulose-based aerogels in CO₂ absorption were summarized， and the future development trends and challenges of nanocellulose-based aerogels were prospected.

Study on the Sugar Re-extraction of Xylose Mother Liquor from Eucalyptus Pre-hydrolysis

LU Qinghui,CAO Yanjun,TONG Qingwen — 2025/1/22 16:03:49

This study analyzed the economics of sugar re-extraction of xylose mother liquor from eucalyptus pre-hydrolysis， investigated schemes to enhance the xylose content in the mother liquor， and designed a feasible sugar re-extraction process， explored the biochemical characteristics of a patent strain. Based on the analysis， yeast with specific assimilation of galactose and mannose were used to consume the major heteropolysaccharides glucose and mannose in the mother liquor， thereby increasing the xylose content. Subsequently， acid hydrolysis was employed to break down the abundant hemi cellulose intermediates in the mother liquor into monosaccharides such as xylose， mannose， and galactose， increasing the xylose content to 79.03%. The entire process increased the xylose content by 25.79 percentage points， achieving the goal of sugar re-extraction of xylose mother liquor.

Cellulose Nanocrystal Photonic Films: Fabrication and Stimuli-responsive Properties

MENG Yahui,JIA Zhixin,GUO Daliang,ZHAO Huifang,SHA Lizheng,SHEN Jing — 2025/11/25 12:54:29

In this study， a photonic film with both mechanical properties and tunable structural color was prepared by incorporating deep eutectic solvents (DES) into cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) through layered casting，and it was named CNC/DES photonic film. The results showed that the amount of DES added was a crucial parameter for regulating the structural color， mechanical properties， thermal stability， and responsive characteristics of photonic films. The introduction of DES effectively addressed the defect of insufficient flexibility in photonic films， increasing the elongation at break to （0.74±0.18）%. The film exhibited a wide color gamut (gradually transitioning from blue to orange-red) and enhanced thermal stability. The CNC/DES_0.5 photonic film （the addition amount of DES was 0.5%） demonstrated excellent humidity-responsive characteristics， as the realitive humidity increased from 50% to 99%， the film changed from yellow-green to red， while also exhibiting good reversible humidity performance (over 20 cycles). Additionally， the film displayed sensitive identification of trace amounts of water in ethanol/water mixtures， gradually changing from red to yellow-green as the water content decreased. Leveraging the responsive characteristics of CNC to H₂O molecules， photonic films exhibited reversible behavior in humidity sensing and moisture detection.

Preparation of Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Application in Metolachlor Herbicidal

ZHANG Jitong,WANG Lina,MA Lan,GUO Yanzhu — 2025/11/25 12:54:29

Lignin/SDBS composite nanoparticles (S-LNPs) with a particle size of (47.04±16.55) nm were obtained by complexing lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) derived from sulfate lignin and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) via the antisolvent method. The Pickering emulsions (S-PEs) loaded with metolachlor were prepared using S-LNPs as stabilizer. The effects of the dosage of SDBS， the oil-water ratio and the dosage of metolachlor on the morphology and size of the S-PEs droplet were investigated. The results showed that when the SDBS addition amount was 2.5% (mass fraction relative to the S-LNPs suspension)， the oil-water ratio was 3∶7， and the amount of metolachlor was 1.0% (mass fraction relative to the oil phase)， a relatively stable S-PEs with an average particle size of about 10.54 μm was obtained. The metolachlor contained in it had certain sustained-release and light degradation-resistance properties. The contact angle of S-PEs on the leaf surface was 56.35°， and the leaf surface residue quantity was 58.13 g/cm². Compared with the traditional drug-carrying emulsion stabled by SDBS， S-PEs exhibited more superior herbicidal effect.

Preparation of Nanocellulose-based Dyes and Their Coloring Performance on Paper

FU Bin,PEI Lihua,ZHOU Rong,ZHANG Bo,ZHANG Rongjun,WANG Shengdan — 2025/11/25 12:54:30

Nanocellulose-based dye (ND) was prepared by bio-mechanical method using bleached softwood pulp as raw material. The dyeing performance of ND on paper was investigated. Furthermore the influence of ND addition amount on the chromaticity values of paper was analyzed， and a predictive model for dyeing effects was established. The results showed that the prepared ND with a diameter of approximately 10~25 nm and could be uniformly dispersed in water. Paper dyed via internal sizing exhibited uniform color， and ND in the wastewater settled naturally after 15 h of standing. After being rubbed 1 000 times with a 10 N force， the color difference (∆E) of the dyed paper was 0.54. The prediction model achieved the R² of 0.997， enabling it to accurately predict the impact of different additive amounts on the chromaticity values of paper.

Research Progress on Lignin Regulating Plant Growth and Development

CHEN Chuchu,HUANG Xi,WU Wenjuan,JIN Yongcan,JIANG Bo — 2025/11/25 12:54:31

Lignin is a biopolymer composed of phenylpropane structural units that connected through ether and carbon-carbon bonds. The abundant oxygen-containing groups in lignin endow it with natural biological activities， such as promoting plant tissue division， enhancing plant photosynthesis， and improving plant stress resistance. Based on the recent advances in the application of lignin for plant growth regulation in agriculture and forestry， this paper reviewed the effects of molecular structure and physicochemical properties of lignin on plant growth and development. The endogenous and exogenous lignin regulating plant biomass， endogenous hormone， and gene expression were critically reviewed. Finally， the challenges and future directions of lignin in regulating plant growth and development were also discussed.

Analysis of Chemical Composition, Fiber Morphology and Properties of Six Urticaceae Plant Raw Materials

LI Xincai,XIAO Yuying,CHU Shengze,GUO Qiyu,WANG Yuanyuan,SHI Lisheng,LI Hailong — 2025/11/25 12:54:32

This study investigated and analyzed the chemical composition， anatomical structure， fiber morphology， and mechanical properties of six representative Urticaceae plants in China， namely Boehmeria nivea， Boehmeria longispica， Boehmeria penduliflora， Pouzolzia zeylanica， Urtica laetevirens， and Debregeasia orientalis. The results showed that significant differences existed in the chemical composition among these six Urticaceae species. The cellulose contents of Boehmeria nivea and Urtica laetevirens were both above 40%. The syringyl-to-guaiacyl (S/G) ratios of lignin in Boehmeria penduliflora and Urtica laetevirens were relatively low， whereas that of the other four species exceeded 1. In addition， all six Urticaceae materials exhibited distinct lumen structures and relatively high aspect ratios， with wall-to-lumen ratios ranging from 0.9 to 3.1. The crystallinity of all six Urticaceae fibers exceeded 80%， with microfibril angles distributing between 8° and 33°， and fiber densities ranging from 1.56 to 1.74 g/cm³. Handsheet produced from Urtica laetevirens fibers exhibited the highest zero-span tensile index， which reached 84.4 kN·m/g， while those made from the other five fibers ranged from 44.1 to 65.9 kN·m/g.

Study on Fiber Morphology and Physicochemical Properties of Four Pinaceae Wood Species

CHEN Siyao,XIAO Yuying,CHU Shengze,REN Junli,LI Sainan,LIANG Guohua,LIU Ying — 2025/11/25 12:54:33

This study systematically investigated the biological structure， fiber morphology， and physicochemical properties of four representative Pinaceae species： Pinus sylvestris， Pinus koraiensis， Larix gmelinii， and Pinus yunnanensis. The results demonstrated that the length-weighted values of these four Pinaceae fibers ranged from 1.73 to 2.07 mm. Larix gmelinii exhibited the most pronounced difference in cell wall-to-lumen ratio between earlywood (0.15) and latewood (1.15). The cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the raw materials ranged from 34.90% to 38.62% and 16.85% to 27.05%， respectively， with Pinus sylvestris displaying the highest values for both cellulose (38.42%) and hemicellulose (27.05%). Lignin content showed limited variation， distributing between 23.75% and 26.41%. Notably， the ash content of Pinus yunnanensis (1.39%) was significantly higher than that of the other three species (0.27%~0.33%). The density of the four Pinaceae fibers ranged from 1.33 to 1.63 g/cm³， while crystallinity fell within 75.34%~77.41%. The pyrolytic energy distribution spanned 137.2~178.5 kJ/mol. The zero-span tensile index under dry conditions ranged from 158 to 198 N·m/g， with Pinus koraiensis exhibiting the highest value (198 N·m/g).

Application Research on Nanocellulose in Enhancement of Tobacco Flavor and Moisture Retention

ZHANG Jun,ZHU Xuhai,MAO Ning,PENG Fuyan,LIN Rongjun,LI Hui,WU Lianlian,LU Fang — 2025/11/25 12:54:35

This study selected a series of nanocellulose products， including cellulose nanofiber (CNF)， cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)， and bacterial nanocellulose (BC)， for the purpose of preparing tobacco humectants. An investigation was conducted into the spraying parameters and technical approaches. Subsequently， the effects of different nanocellulose types on tobacco humectancy， flavor enhancement， chemical structure， surface wettability， microstructure， and specific surface area were evaluated. The experimental findings demonstrated that the water retention values of the nanocelluloses ranged from 93% to 99%， with interfacial wetting angles ranging from 6.6° to 22.2°. When CNF with a carboxyl group content of 2.5 mmol/g was sprayed onto the tobacco surface at a loading of 2.0%， the tobacco experienced a moisture loss rate of 49%， which was comparable to the propylene glycol. Besides， the decomposition products of CNF-based humectants during tobacco combustion had been shown to primarily consist of alkanes， heterocyclics， aromatics， furans， aldehydes， alcohols， esters， and acids. The incorporation of these CNF-based humectants did not modify the distribution of tobacco decomposition products or the sensory characteristics of tobacco smoke， rather， it enhanced the sensory humectancy to a certain extent. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that CNF-based humectants primarily achieved their moisturizing effect through a synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and surface sealing effect.

Study on the Effect of Hot Water + Green Liguor Pretreatment on the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bamboo Fibers to Prepare Fermentable Sugars

2025/11/25 12:54:37

In this study， powdered single bamboo was pretreated with hot water and hot water + green liquor， combined with chemical additives such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and Tween 80. The bamboo fibers were enzymatic hydrolyzed and saccharified by cellulase， and the effects of pretreatment conditions and chemical additives on the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis were investigated. The results showed that the two-step hot water + green liquor pretreatment had a significant effect on improving the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of bamboo fibers. When the total alkali content of green liquor was 14%， the total sugar conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis of hot water + green liquor pretreated bamboo fibers reached 85.51%. The addition of BSA and Tween 80 significantly increased the yield of fermentable sugars came from bamboo fibers， and the synergistic effect of the two additions could raise the total sugar conversion rate after enzymatic hydrolysis to 99.67%. Under the combined effects of hot water + green liquor pretreatment and chemical additives， the yield of fermentable sugars per 100 g of bamboo raw material could reach 65.88 g.

Effect of Montmorillonite Content on the Ordered Structure of Cellulose Nanofibrils-based Composite Film

He Xinliang,Fang Zhiqiang,Li Guanhui,Peng Liyuan — 2026/7/22 13:28:00

In this study, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TOCNF)/montmorillonite (MMT) composite films were prepared by solution casting, and the effects of content of MMT on the ordered structure and structure-property relationships of the TOCNF/MMT composite films were systematically investigated. The results showed that when the content of MMT was 10%~40%, MMT nanosheets could be regularly stacked within the composite films, forming a dense and ordered lamellar structure. This structure effectively promoted interfacial stress transfer, leading to a significant enhancement in the tensile strength of the composite films, with a maximum value of 142.5 MPa, corresponding to 129% of that of the TOCNF film. Meanwhile, the composite films maintained high optical transmittance of approximately 92% and low haze of approximately 5%. However, the content of MMT increased to 50%~80%, agglomerates with diameters of approximately 1~3 μm appeared within the composite films, resulting in reduced regularity of the layered structure and local structural disorder. Such disordered structures induced stress concentration, thereby markedly deteriorating the mechanical properties of the composite films, with the tensile strength decreasing to as low as 44.9 MPa. In addition, the disordered structure increased the porosity and pore size of the composite films, thereby increasing the number of interfacial area between TOCNF, MMT and air, and enhancing the light scattering, caused a decrease in optical transmittance from 90.4% to 78.6% and a substantial increase in haze from 37.7% to 52.9%.

Research on Demethylation Modification of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin under Atmosphere Control and Its Application in Sunscreen Cream

Jia Jing,Shi Changrong,Li Kai,Huang Jizhen,An Liangliang,Liu Yuxin — 2026/7/22 13:28:02

This study proposed a hydrobromic acid-catalyzed demethylation modification strategy of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin with a reaction atmosphere supporting to achieve synergistic enhancement of lignin decolorization and antioxidant activity. The result showed that the phenolic hydroxyl content of demethylated enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (N₂-C-DEHL) prepared under a nitrogen atmosphere significantly increasing to 2.75 mmol/g from 1.76 mmol/g of the raw lignin, and the lightness value (L^*) reached 53.43. A sunscreen cream prepared by compounding 4% N₂-C-DEHL with 3% TiO₂ and 3% ZnO achieved a SPF value of 11.40 and exhibited excellent antioxidant activity and a good color appearance.

Study on the Preparation of Cellulose Nanocrystal-based Circularly Polarized Fluorescent Film and Its Stimulus-responsive Properties

2026/7/22 13:28:04

A multi-stimulus-responsive film with structural coloration, fluorescence, and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) performance was fabricated through the co-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), curcumin (Cur), and choline chloride/glycerin deep eutectic solvent (DES). The structure, mechanical properties, optical properties, and stimulus-responsive behaviors of the prepared CNC/Cur/DES film were systematically investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of DES effectively regulated the chiral nematic structure of CNC, endowing the film with good flexibility (fracture strain of (1.77±0.31)%) and CPL performance. The CNC/Cur/DES film enabled the synergistic output of structural color and fluorescence signals and exhibited distinct optical responses to various external stimuli, including pH, ethanol, and Fe³⁺, demonstrating excellent visual recognition capability.

Research Progress in Cellulose-based Materials for Carbon Dioxide Capture

2026/7/22 13:28:07

Carbon capture is a critical technological pathway for achieving carbon neutrality, with its core lying in the development of efficient, low-cost, and environmentally friendly carbon adsorbent materials. This review systematically summarized the research progress in cellulose-based carbon dioxide capture materials. Cellulose, owing to its wide availability, large specific surface area, tunable structure, and ease of functionalization, had demonstrated significant potential in CO₂ capture. Through strategies including functionalization modification, aerogel construction, compositing with inorganic components or metal organic frameworks/covalent organic frameworks, and carbonization treatment, the CO₂ adsorption capacity, selectivity, and cyclic stability of cellulose-based materials had been substantially enhanced. This paper analyzed the fabrication strategies and capture performance of various cellulose-based materials, discussed the current challenges in scalable preparation, performance optimization, and application expansion, and prospected the future development directions.

Research Progress on Preparation and Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism of Lignin-based Corrosion Inhibitors

Zhang Jingyu,Ye Yuhan,Yang Aiyu,Meng Zhilei,Zeng Xiangrui,Zhu Baowei — 2026/7/22 13:28:08

Metal corrosion in industrial production not only causes severe economic losses but may also trigger a series of potential safety hazards. Lignin is characterized by wide availability， renewability， and biodegradability， which endows it with excellent potential in the development of green corrosion inhibitors. This paper reviewed the research progress of lignin-based corrosion inhibitors in detail， introduced the current main preparation methods， including direct utilization， physical nanonization treatment， chemical modification methods such as amination and sulfonation， and composite modification technologies. It also elaborated on the mechanisms by which such corrosion inhibitors inhibited metal corrosion， including interfacial adsorption and film formation， physical barrier isolation， and synergistic effects of multiple components. On this basis， the research status of current lignin-based corrosion inhibitors was summarized. The core challenges of the heterogeneity of lignin structure and the environmental impact of some preparation methods were objectively analyzed. This review was expected to provide a reference for the high-value utilization of lignin and the research and development of environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors.

Research Progress on Construction Strategies of MOFs/CNF Composites and Their Applications in Biomedicine

Zhao Rujing,Zhang Hongjie,Ren Jing,Li Jing,Li Qun,Li Zhiqiang — 2026/7/22 13:28:09

Metal-organic frameworks/cellulose nanofiber (MOFs/CNF) composites has attracted extensive attention in the biomedical field due to their diverse structures， ultra-high specific surface area， tunable pore sizes， and facile chemical modification. This article first introduced the structural characteristics and performance advantages of MOFs/CNF composites in biomedical applications， systematically analyzed the process characteristics of their main preparation methods， and further summarized the multi-functional optimization strategies of MOFs/CNF composites from the perspectives of surface functionalization， component optimization， and structure design. In addition， it focused on reviewing the research status and application progress of MOFs/CNF composites in biomedical fields such as biosensing， drug delivery， antibacterial materials， and wound healing， and prospected their development prospects.

Study on the Effect of Drying Methods on the Structure of Cellulose Membranes and Their Salinity-gradient Power Generation Performance

2026/6/23 16:23:58

This study employed natural cellulose as the raw material to prepare porous cellulose membranes via different drying methods， systematically investigated the effects of drying methods on the pore structure and salinity-gradient power generation performance. Compared to vacuum drying， heated drying， and drying at ambient temperature and pressure， freeze-drying endowed cellulose membranes with superior porous structure characteristics， under pre-freezing conditions at -80 ℃， freeze-dried porous cellulose membrane (-80-FDCM) exhibited abundant and uniform nanoscale pores with an average pore diameter of 10.8 nm, a specific surface area of 26.70 m²/g, porosity of 95.4%, and water retention of 173%, had a high ion-selective transport capacity. Under 50-fold and 500-fold NaCl concentration gradients, the output power density of -80-FDCM increased to 6.07 and 45.62 W/m²， respectively， while demonstrating excellent long-term operational stability.

Green and Diversified Development Pathways for the Pulp and Paper Industry: A Case Study of Three “X-First” Biorefining Strategies

ZHANG Zichao,HAN Mingzhe — 2026/6/23 16:23:58

Driven by global carbon neutrality goals and green industrial policies， biorefining has emerged as a critical pathway for the pulp and paper industry to achieve green upgrading and diversified， high-value development. This paper systematically elaborated on the technical routes and commercialization underlying three biorefinery strategies： “hemicellulose-first” “cellulose-first”， and “lignin-first”. Through a comparative analysis of representative domestic and international cases， including Shengquan Group， UPM Leuna， and Borregaard， the study discussed how biorefining empowers pulp and paper enterprises to construct a diversified “pulp-paper-chemicals-materials” manufacturing system. The research indicated that overcoming the cost paradox between bulk feedstock and fine products， ensuring the stability of the green premium market， and bridging advanced depolymerization technologies with existing industrial systems constitute the core industrialization challenges for the three strategies， respectively.

Study on Preparation and Properties of Gelatin/CNC Composite Microcapsules Embedded with Rose Essence

ZHANG Jingru,HU Mengxin,SONG Jiayi,LIU Yingying,WU Shijie,LIU Hongbin — 2026/6/23 16:23:59

In order to improve the encapsulation stability and application effect of natural plant essences, GE/CNC composite microcapsules embedded rose essence were prepared by complex coacervation method, using gelatin (GE) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as wall materials and rose essence as core material. The preparation conditions were optimized with the particle size of microcapsules and the embedding rate of rose essence as indexes, and the sustained release performance, storage stability, and release kinetics were investigated. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions of GE/CNC composite microcapsules were as follows: the total wall material mass fraction was 2.0%, the wall material ratio was 6∶1, and the core-wall ratio was 1∶2. The particle size of the GE/CNC composite microcapsules prepared under optimal conditions was 1~2 μm with smooth spherical in shape, and the maximum encapsulation rate of rose essence was 81.5%, exhibiting good thermal stability. Compared with pure GE microcapsules, the pH stability and temperature stability of GE/CNC composite microcapsules were improved. After 24 days of storage at 4 and 25 ℃, the release rate of rose essence was 63.28% and 66.57%, respectively, showing good sustained release performance. The release process conformed to the first-order kinetic model.

Modification of Properties of Glass Backing Paper by Cellulose Nanofibers

WANG Jinxia,YANG Bin,ZHANG Haining,CHEN Xiaoyan,WANG Hongdan — 2026/6/23 16:24:00

In order to improve the mechanical strength， water resistance， and mold resistance of glass liner paper， and meet the protection requirements of glass packaging and transportation， this study prepared glass liner paper by mixing different addition amounts of cellulose nanofibers （CNF） with pulp fiber， and systematically explored the effects of CNF addition amounts on the tensile strength， tear strength， water absorption， air permeability， surface smoothness， and mold resistance of the liner paper. The results showed that when the addition amount of CNF was 15%， the dry tensile index of the glassine liner paper rose from 50.0 N·m/g (without CNF) to 70.0 N·m/g， the air resistance was increased to 10.5 s， and the relative water absorption was 270%， and the mold resistance duration was prolonged by 168 h.

Preparation and Application of Phosphate Esterification Cross-linked Bifunctional Cellulose-based Ion Exchange Fibers

2026/5/25 18:27:37

In this study， using bleached softwood pulp as the raw material， a synergistic modification strategy combining phosphorylation cross-linking and carboxymethylation was proposed. Through a site-complementary design， the phosphorylation of the C6 hydroxyl group and the carboxymethylation of the C2 hydroxyl group of glucose units in cellulose were utilized to achieve efficient utilization of the active hydroxyl groups on the cellulose chains， successfully constructing bifunctional cationic exchange cellulose fibers (PC-CEF). The results indicated that PC-CEF possessed both high ion exchange capacity and excellent structural stability， with a cation exchange capacity of 304.5 mmol/100 g and a fiber yield of 111.6%， significantly outperforming traditional monofunctional or petroleum-based ion exchange fibers. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu²⁺ was 82.56 mg/g， with the adsorption process following quasi-second-order kinetics and the Sips model， and the material demonstrated good recyclability and ion selectivity.

Study on Preparation and Properties of Polyethylene Oxide-based Solid Electrolytes Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibrils

DONG Xinyu,YANG Rendang,HU Min,LAN Jing,WANG Yang — 2026/5/25 18:27:38

This study fabricated solid electrolytes polyethylene oxide (PEO)/LiTFSI/CNF using cellulose nanofibril (CNF) as a green reinforcing filler via solution casting, and systematically investigated the effects of CNF content on the structure and properties of the electrolytes. The results demonstrated that CNF formed a three-dimensional network framework within the PEO matrix through physical crosslinking, significantly enhancing the mechanical strength and high-temperature dimensional stability of the electrolyte. This reinforcement effectively improved lithium dendrite suppression and extended the safety margin of the battery. Moreover, an appropriate amount of CNF suppressed PEO crystallization and promoted the formation of amorphous regions, providing more continuous pathways for lithium-ion transport. The electrolyte with 3% CNF exhibited optimal overall performance: an ionic conductivity of 5.95×10⁻⁴ S/cm at 60 ℃, a lithium-ion transference number of 0.539, and an electrochemical stability window of 4.98 V. The solid-state lithium-ion battery assembled with this electrolyte demonstrating excellent electrochemical stability and promising practical potential.

Research Advances in the Targeted Construction of High-efficiency Electrocatalysts and Their Applications in the Biomass Conversion

2026/5/25 18:27:39

As a renewable resource， the efficient conversion of biomass is of great significance for alleviating dependence on fossil resources and promoting the green production of high-value chemicals. Electrochemical catalysis serves as an important pathway for the valorization of biomass， where the development of electrocatalysts and the construction of reaction systems are the core factors for achieving efficient conversion. This paper systematically reviewed the recent research progress in the field of biomass electrocatalytic conversion. Focusing on typical electrocatalytic materials， it systematically introduced their preparation methods， structural characteristics， and catalytic mechanisms， and summarized their application status in the conversion of biomass platform molecules. Finally， the existing challenges in this field were summarized， and the future directions for the design， development and industrial application of high-efficiency electrocatalysts were prospected.

Regulation of Pore Structure and Water Absorption in Cellulose-based Aerogels via a Combined Directional and Random Freezing Strategy

DUAN Yuanyuan,LI Yuhan,PENG Xuyang,JIANG Junzhi,YAN Ruixiang — 2026/1/23 16:32:21

This study utilized carboxylated nanocellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, and whey protein isolate as matrix materials. By regulating freezing temperature and orientation, a bilayer directional/random frozen aerogel (DF/RF-20) was developed, combining -20 ℃ random freezing and -196 ℃ directional freezing. It was compared with aerogels prepared under -20 ℃ slow random freezing (RF-20), -196 ℃ fast random freezing (RF-196), and -196 ℃ directional freezing (DF), to investigate the effects of freezing methods on the microstructure, density, porosity, mechanical properties, and water absorption performance of the aerogels. The results showed that RF-20 exhibited large pore sizes with a dispersed pore distribution and a water absorption capacity of 42.21 g/g, but poor compressive strength (44.37 kPa). DF showed ordered and dense through-pores formed from bottom to top, with better compressive performance (73.39 kPa) but weaker water absorption ability (35.80 g/g). In comparison, DF/RF-20 combined high compressive strength (73.90 kPa), excellent wet-state compressive strength (25.75 kPa at 500% water content), and good water absorption capacity (43.30 g/g). Its surface water absorption rate was approximately 15 times higher than that of RF-20. After drying at 25 ℃ for 12 h, it demonstrated good water retention performance (water retention rate of 86.76%) and maintained stable liquid absorption capability under different pH and ionic environments.

Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystal from Palm Leaves (Trachycarpus Fortunei)

DENG Xincheng,ZHANG Jinchao,CHEN Zhuo,HU Zhijun,WU Chaojun,ZHANG Cheng,SHEN Jing — 2026/1/23 16:32:23

In this study， palm leaves were utilized as raw materials to prepare cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) through a combination of chemical treatment and acid hydrolysis, followed by analysis and characterization. Firstly, cellulose fibers were extracted from palm leaves via sodium chlorite treatment and alkaline treatment. Subsequently, the extracted cellulose fibers were hydrolyzed using concentrated sulfuric acid to produce CNC. The microscopic morphology and chemical composition of the palm leaf fibers were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that non-cellulosic components (lignin and hemicellulose) in the palm leaves were successfully removed through chemical treatment. After acid hydrolysis, rod-shaped CNC were successfully isolated. The yield of cellulose fibers from palm leaves reached 23.1%. The extracted CNC exhibited a crystallinity of 75% and an average aspect ratio of 18.

Research Progress on the Preparation Method of Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Application in Composite Film Materials

WANG Yuting,WEI Yuanhong,GAI Junming,CHU Qiulu,WANG Jing — 2026/1/23 16:32:24

This paper systematically presented the preparation methods of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs)， including self-assembly， mechanical processing， and interfacial polymerization/crosslinking techniques. It further reviewed recent advances in the development of composite films incorporating LNPs with biopolymer matrices such as polyvinyl alcohol， polylactic acid， chitosan， pectin， and starch. The roles LNPs played in enhancing the mechanical strength， ultraviolet (UV) blocking capability， antioxidant activity， and barrier performance of these composite films were thoroughly discussed. Finally， the paper summarized current challenges associated with the application of LNPs-based composite films in food preservation， UV shielding， and related fields.

Research Status and Trends in Design Strategies and Mechanisms of Action for Antimicrobial Hydrogels

SONG Xiaolan,WU Chaojun,CHEN Yehong,QIN Liming — 2026/1/23 16:32:24

This paper systematically reviewed design strategies to enhance the antibacterial performance of hydrogels， analyzed the physical/chemical crosslinking mechanisms underlying their formation， and introduced antibacterial mechanisms of hydrogels incorporating natural polymers (such as chitosan， gelatin)， synthetic polymers (such as N-isopropylacrylamide， acrylamide), and inorganic materials (such as metals and their oxides， carbon materials). It proposed synergistic combinations of multiple antimicrobial mechanisms as a future trend for enhancing hydrogel antibacterial properties.